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Journal of Healthcare Quality Research Surveillance of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use in long-t...
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Vol. 41. Issue 2.
(March - April 2026)
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Vol. 41. Issue 2.
(March - April 2026)
Original article

Surveillance of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use in long-term care facilities in the Community of Madrid

Vigilancia de las infecciones relacionadas con la asistencia sanitaria y uso de antimicrobianos en residencias de mayores en la Comunidad de Madrid
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M. Mosquera-González, M. Alonso-García
Corresponding author
marcos.alonso@salud.madrid.org

Corresponding author.
, S. Jiménez-Bueno, A. Arce-Arnáez
Dirección General de Salud Pública, Consejería de Sanidad, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction and objectives

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) represent a significant public health concern. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of HAIs and antimicrobial use in LTCFs in the Community of Madrid (CM), and to assess infection prevention and control (IPC) indicators within the framework of the fourth point prevalence survey of HAIs and Antimicrobial use in European LTCFs (HALT-4).

Materials and methods

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between 20th and 30th of May 2024 across nine public LTCFs in the CM. Standardised questionnaires from the HALT-4 protocol were used to collect data on clinical characteristics, risk factors, active HAIs and antimicrobial use. Associations between HAIs, risk factors, IPC indicators and antimicrobial use policies were analysed.

Results

1076 residents were included. HAIs prevalence was 6.0% (95% CI: 4.6–7.5) including outbreaks-associated infections and 4.1% (95% CI: 2.9–5.3) excluding them. Respiratory tract (36.4%), urinary tract (34.1%) and skin (20.5%) infections were the most frequent, excluding gastrointestinal infection outbreaks. Antimicrobial treatment was administered to 3.8% of residents, primarily via the oral route and for therapeutic purposes. Beta-lactams were the most widely used antimicrobials, and Enterobacteriaceae were the most prevalent microorganisms. Significant associations were found between HAIs and disorientation (prevalence ratio [PR]: 2.0, 95%CI: 1.1–3.8) and reduced mobility (PR: 1.9, 95%CI: 1.0–3.5). Areas of improvement included effective infection surveillance programmes and antimicrobial prescription training.

Conclusions

The prevalence of HAIs in the CM was higher than the European average, while antimicrobial use was lower than both national and European averages.

Keywords:
Health care-associated infections
Antimicrobial stewardship
Long-term care
Homes for the aged
Infection control
Prevalence
Resumen
Introducción y objetivos

Las infecciones relacionadas con la asistencia sanitaria (IRAS) en residencias de mayores (RM) son un problema relevante de salud pública. Este estudio tiene como objetivo estimar la prevalencia de IRAS, y el uso de antimicrobianos, así como evaluar indicadores de prevención y control de infecciones (PCI) en RM de la Comunidad de Madrid (CM) dentro del marco del proyecto europeo HALT-4 (fourth point prevalence survey of Healthcare-associated infections and Antimicrobial use in European LTCFs).

Material y métodos

Estudio transversal descriptivo realizado entre el 20 y el 30 de mayo de 2024 en nueve RM públicas de la CM. Se emplearon cuestionarios estandarizados del protocolo HALT-4 sobre características clínicas, factores de riesgo, IRAS activas y tratamientos antimicrobianos. Se analizaron asociaciones entre IRAS y factores de riesgo e indicadores de PCI y políticas de uso de antimicrobianos.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 1.076 residentes. La prevalencia de IRAS fue del 6,0% (IC95%: 4,6–7,5) incluyendo infecciones asociadas a brotes y 4,1% (IC95%: 2.9-5.3) excluyéndolas. Las infecciones respiratorias (36,4%), urinarias (34,1%) y cutáneas (20,5%) fueron las más frecuentes, excluyendo los brotes de infección gastrointestinal. El 3,8% de los residentes recibía tratamiento antimicrobiano, principalmente por vía oral y con fines terapéuticos. Los betalactámicos fueron los antimicrobianos más utilizados y las enterobacterias los microorganismos más prevalentes. Se identificaron asociaciones significativas entre IRAS y determinadas condiciones como la desorientación (Razón de Prevalencia [RP]: 2,0; IC 95%: 1,1–3,8) y movilidad reducida (RP: 1,9; IC 95%: 1,0–3,5). Se observaron áreas de mejora en la vigilancia activa de infecciones y la formación en prescripción antimicrobiana.

Conclusiones

La prevalencia de IRAS en la CM fue superior a la media europea, mientras que el uso de antimicrobianos fue inferior a la media nacional y europea.

Palabras clave:
Infecciones relacionadas con la asistencia sanitaria
Programas de optimización del uso de los antimicrobianos
Cuidados a largo plazo
Hogares para ancianos
Control de infecciones
Prevalencia

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