Article information
RESUMEN
En este artículo contrastamos si existe un modelo o patrón de comportamiento que explique la transferencia de conocimiento en una red de empresas innovadoras y de base tecnológica geográficamente próximas. Partimos del modelo centro-periferia, y lo analizamos en primer lugar desde una perspectiva reticular, estudiando la estructura de la red que se forma entre empresas innovadoras al transmitir conocimiento. Posteriormente, estudiamos la influencia de determinadas variables sobre la intensidad en la transferencia de conocimiento. Para conseguir nuestro objetivo, aplicamos el modelo a las redes de los Parques Tecnológicos de Galicia, de Madrid y de Málaga. En los resultados confirmamos gráfica y cuantitativamente el modelo propuesto, además de constatar que las condiciones industriales influyen en la morfología de la red, y que en ausencia de un líder, la transferencia de conocimiento en redes pequeñas forma ciclos.
PALABRAS CLAVE:
Transferencia de Conocimiento Interorganizativo
Análisis de Redes
Empresas Innovadoras y de Base Tecnológica
Parques Tecnológicos
ABSTRACT
In this article we contrast if there exists a model or standard of behaviour that explains the transfer of knowledge in a network of innovative companies and geographically near. We depart from the model core-periphery, and analyze it, first from a reticulated perspective, across the structure of the network that is formed among innovative companies on having transmitted knowledge. Later, we confirm the influence of certain labels on the intensity in the transfer of knowledge. To attain our objective, we applied the model to the networks established in the Technology Parks of Galicia, Madrid and Malaga. In the results we confirm graph and quantitatively the proposed model, beside stating that the industrial conditions influence the morphology of the network, and that in absence of a leader the transfer of knowledge in small networks forms cycles.
KEYWORDS:
Transfer of Inter-organizational Knowledge
Social Network Analysis
Innovating and Technological Companies
Technology Parks
Full text is only aviable in PDF
BIBLIOGRAFÍA
[ALDRICH, 1979]
H.E. ALDRICH.
Organizations and Environment, Prentice-Hall, Inc., (1979),
[BENAVIDES VELASCO and QUINTANA GARCÍA, 2003]
C.A. BENAVIDES VELASCO, C. QUINTANA GARCÍA.
“Aprendizaje interorganizativo en el marco de la cooperación empresarial”.
Revista Europea de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, 12 (2003), pp. 149-162
[BORGATTI and EVERETT, 1999]
S.P. BORGATTI, M.G. EVERETT.
“Models of Core/Periphery Structures”.
Social Networks, (1999), pp. 375-395
[BRESCHI and LISSONI, 2001]
S. BRESCHI, F. LISSONI.
“Knowledge spillovers and Local innovation systems: A critical Survey”.
Industrial and Corporate Change, 10 (2001), pp. 975-1005
[BURT, 1992]
R.S. BURT.
“The social structure of competition”.
Networks and organizations. Structure, form, and action, pp. 57-91
[CABO and BIJMOLT, 1992]
P.G. CABO, T.H.A. BIJMOLT.
“International R&D networks: the Eureka map”.
Research Evaluation, 2 (1992), pp. 161-168
[CAMISÓN and MARCH, 1995]
C. CAMISÓN, I. MARCH.
“Estrategias de cooperación y de innovación con soporte territorial y parques tecnológicos: Un estudio empírico”.
Revista Europea de Dirección y Economía de Empresas, 4 (1995), pp. 11-33
[CAMISÓN and MOLINA, 1996]
C. CAMISÓN, F.J. MOLINA.
“Caracterización de las relaciones entre desempeño y los efectos industria y territorio: una aplicación basada en la teoría de los recursos compartidos. El caso de los distritos industriales'”.
Investigaciones europeas de dirección y economía de la empresa, 2 (1996), pp. 27-41
[CAMISÓN and GUIA, 2001]
C. CAMISÓN, J. GUIA.
“Integración vertical, cooperación interempresarial y resultados: el efecto contingente de la coordinación implícita en un distrito industrial”.
Cuadernos de Economía y Dirección de Empresa, (2001), pp. 51-76
[CASTELLS and HALL, 1994]
CASTELLS M.; HALL P. (1994): Tecnópolis del mundo la formación de los complejos industriales del siglo XXI, Ed. Alianza.
[COHEN and LEVINTHAL, 1990]
W.M. COHEN, D. LEVINTHAL.
“Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation”.
Administrative Science Quarterly, 35 (1990), pp. 129-152
[COWAN et al., 2000]
R. COWAN, P. DAVID, D. FORAY.
“The explicit economics if knowledge codification and tacitness'.
Industrial and Corporate Change, 9 (2000), pp. 211-253
[DAS and TENG, 2000]
T.K. DAS, B. TENG.
“A Resource-Based Theory of Strategic Alliances”.
Journal of Management, 26 (2000), pp. 31-61
[DOLLINGER et al., 1997]
M.J. DOLLINGER, P.A. GOLDEN, T. SAXTON.
“The Effect of Reputation on the Decision to Joint Venture”.
Strategic Management Journal, 18 (1997), pp. 127-140
[DYER and SINGH, 1998]
J.H. DYER, H. SINGH.
“The relational view: cooperative strategy end sources of interorganizational competitive advantage”.
Academy of Management Review, 23 (1998), pp. 660-679
[DYER and NOBEOKA, 2000]
J.H. DYER, K. NOBEOKA.
“Creating and managing a high-performance knowledge-sharing network: the Toyota case'”.
Strategic Management Journal, 21 (2000), pp. 345-367
[EASTON, 1992]
G. EASTON.
“Industrial networks: A review”.
Industrial Networks. A New View of Reality, pp. 3-27
[FOMBRUN, 1982]
C.J. FOMBRUN.
'“Strategies for network research in organizations”.
Academy of Management Review, 7 (1982), pp. 280-291
[GARUD and NAYYAR, 1994]
R. GARUD, P. NAYYAR.
“Transformative capacity: continual structuring by intertemporal technology transfer”.
Strategic Management Journal, 15 (1994), pp. 365-385
[GNYAWALI and MADHAVAN, 2001]
D.R. GNYAWALI, R. MADHAVAN.
Cooperative networks and competitive dynamics: a structural embeddedness perspective.
Academy of Management Review, 26 (2001), pp. 431-445
[GRANDORI and SODA, 1995]
A. GRANDORI, G. SODA.
“Interfirm networks: antecedents, mechanisms and forms”.
Organization Studies, 16 (1995), pp. 183-214
[GRANOVETTER, 1973]
M.S. GRANOVETTER.
“The strength of weak ties”.
American Journal of Sociology, 78 (1973), pp. 1360-1380
[GRANOVETTER, 1985]
M.S. GRANOVETTER.
“Economic action and social structure: the problem of embeddedness”.
American Journal of Sociology, 91 (1985), pp. 481-510
[GRANT, 1997]
R.M. GRANT.
“The knowledge-based view of the firm: implications for management practice”.
Long Range Planning, 30 (1997), pp. 450-454
[GULATI, 1998]
R. GULATI.
“Alliances and networks”.
Strategic Management Journal, 19 (1998), pp. 293-317
[GULATI, 1999]
R. GULATI.
“Network location and learning: the influence of network resources and firm capabilities on alliance formation”.
Strategic Management Journal, 20 (1999), pp. 397-420
[GULATI et al., 2000]
R. GULATI, N. NORHIA, A. ZAHEER.
“Strategic Networks'”.
Strategic Management Journal, 21 (2000), pp. 203-215
[HAGEDOORN, 1993]
J. HAGEDOORN.
“Understanding the rationale of strategic technology partnering: interorganizational modes of cooperation and sectorial differences”.
Strategic Management Journal, 14 (1993), pp. 371-385
[HAGEDOORN and SCHAKENRAAD, 1990]
J. HAGEDOORN, J. SCHAKENRAAD.
“Inter-firm partnership and cooperative strategies in core technologies”.
New Explorations in the Economics of Technological Change, pp. 3-37
[HAGEDOORN and SCHAKENRAAD, 1992]
J. HAGEDOORN, J. SCHAKENRAAD.
“Leading companies and networks of strategic alliances in information technologies”.
Research Policy, 21 (1992), pp. 163-190
[HAKANSSON, 1989]
H. HAKANSSON.
Corporate Technological Behaviour. Co-operation and Networks, Routledge, (1989),
[HAMEL, 1991]
G. HAMEL.
“Competition for competence and interpartner learning within international strategic alliances”.
Strategic Management Journal, 12 (1991), pp. 83-103
[HAMEL et al., 1989]
G. HAMEL, Y. DOZ, C.K. PRAHALAD.
“Collaborate whit your competitors and win”.
Harvard Business Review, (1989), pp. 133-139
[HANSEN, 1999]
M.T. HANSEN.
“The Search-Transfer Problem: The Role of Weak Ties in Sharing Knowledge Across Organization Subunits”.
Administrative Science Quarterly, 44 (1999), pp. 82-111
[HUGGINS, 1997]
HUGGINS, R. (1997): Competitiveness and the Global Region: the Role of Networking Innovation, Networks and Learning Regions? (Ed. J. Simmie), London, pp. 101-123.
[INKPEN, 1996]
A.C. INKPEN.
“Creating knowledge trough collaboration”.
California Management Review, 39 (1996), pp. 123-140
[INKPEN and DINUR, 1998]
A.C. INKPEN, A. DINUR.
“Knowledge management processes and international Joint Ventures”.
Organization Science, 9 (1998), pp. 454-468
[INKPEN and TSANG, 2005]
A.C. INKPEN, E.W. TSANG.
“Social capital, networks, and knowledge transfer”.
Academy of Management Review, 30 (2005), pp. 146-165
[JARILLO, 1988]
J. JARILLO.
“On strategic networks”.
Strategic Management Journal, 9 (1988), pp. 31-41
[KALE et al., 2000]
P. KALE, H. SINGH, H. PELMUTTER.
“Learning and protection of proprietary assets in strategic alliances: building relational capital”.
Strategic Management Journal, 21 (2000), pp. 217-237
[KEEBLE and WILKINSON, 1999]
D. KEEBLE, F. WILKINSON.
“Collective learning and knowledge development in the evolution of regional clusters of high technology SMEs in Europe”.
Regional Studies, 33 (1999), pp. 295-303
[KOGUT, 1988]
B. KOGUT.
'A study of the life cycle of joint ventures'.
Management International Review, 28 (1988), pp. 39-52
[KOGUT, 2000]
B. KOGUT.
“The network as knowledge: generative roles and the emergence of structure”.
Strategic Management Journal, 21 (2000), pp. 405-425
[KOGUT and ZANDER, 1992]
B. KOGUT, U. ZANDER.
“Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities, and the replication of technology”.
Organization Science, 3 (1992), pp. 383-397
[LAM, 1997]
A. LAM.
“Embedded firms, embedded knowledge: problems of collaboration and knowledge transfer in global cooperative ventures”.
Organization Studies, 18 (1997), pp. 973-996
[LANE and LUBATKIN, 1998]
P.J. LANE, M. LUBATKIN.
“Relative absorptive capacity and interorganizational learning”.
Strategic Management Journal, 19 (1998), pp. 461-477
[LAWSON and LORENZ, 1999]
C. LAWSON, E. LORENZ.
“Collective learning, tacit knowledge and regional innovative capacity”.
Regional Studies, 33 (1999), pp. 305-317
[LEONARD and SENSIPER, 1998]
D. LEONARD, S. SENSIPER.
The role of tacit knowledge in group innovation”.
California Management Review, 40 (1998), pp. 112-132
[MADHAVAN et al., 2004]
R. MADHAVAN, D.R. GNYAWALI, J. HE.
“Two”s company, three's a crowd? Triads in cooperative-competitive networks”.
Academy of Management Review, 47 (2004), pp. 918-927
[MCEVILY and ZAHEER, 1999]
B. MCEVILY, A. ZAHEER.
“Bridging Ties: A Source of Firm Heterogeneity in Competitive Capabilities”.
Strategic Management Journal, 20 (1999), pp. 1133-1156
[MILES and SNOW, 1986]
R.E. MILES, C.C. SNOW.
“Organizations: New Concepts for New Forms”.
California Management Review, 28 (1986), pp. 62-73
[MIZRUCHI and GALASKIEWICZ, 1994]
M.S. MIZRUCHI, J. GALASKIEWICZ.
“Networks of interorganizational relations”.
Advances in social networks analysis, pp. 230-253
[MOLINA and BOU, 2000]
X. MOLINA, J.C. BOU.
“Un análisis del desempeño empresarial en el distrito industrial a partir de la perspectiva de la variedad estratégica”.
Revista Europea de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, 9 (2000), pp. 9-20
[MUTHUSAMY and WHITE, 2005]
S.K. MUTHUSAMY, M.A. WHITE.
“Learning and Knowledge Transfer in Strategic Alliances: A Social Exchange View”.
Organization Studies, 26 (2005), pp. 415-441
[NONAKA et al., 2000]
I. NONAKA, R. TOYAMA, N. KONNO.
“SECI, Ba and Leadership: a Unified Model of Dynamic Knowledge Creation”.
Long Range Plannig, 33 (2000), pp. 5-34
[OLIVER and EBERS, 1998]
A.L. OLIVER, M. EBERS.
“Networking network studies: an analysis of conceptual configurations in the study of inter-organizations relationships”.
Organizations Studies, 19 (1998), pp. 549-583
[PARK and KIM, 1999]
Y.T. PARK, M.S. KIM.
“A taxonomy of industries based on knowledge flow structure”.
Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 11 (1999), pp. 541-549
[PFEFFER and SALANCIK, 1978]
J. PFEFFER, G.R. SALANCIK.
The External Control of Organizations: a Resource Dependence Perspective, Harper & Row Publishers Inc., (1978),
[PORTER and FULLER, 1986]
PORTER, M.E.; FULLER, M. (1986): “Coalitions and Global Strategy”, Competition in Global Industries, Porter, M.E. (ed)., pp. 315-343. Existe traducción en castellano: “Coaliciones y Estrategias Global”, Información Comercial Española, junio 1988, pp. 101-120.
[POWELL, 1990]
W. POWELL.
“Neither Market nor Hierarchy Network forms of Organization”.
Research on Organizational Behavior, 12 (1990), pp. 295-336
[POWELL et al., 1996]
W.W. POWELL, K.W. KOPUT, L. SMITH-DOERR.
“Interorganizational collaboration and the locus of innovation: networks of learning in biotechnology”.
Administrative Science Quarterly, 41 (1996), pp. 116-145
[ROWLEY, 1997]
T. ROWLEY.
“Moving beyond dyadic ties: A network theory of stakeholder influences”.
Academy Management Review, 22 (1997), pp. 887-910
[ROWLEY et al., 2000]
T. ROWLEY, D BEHRENS, D. KRACKHARDT.
“Redundant governance structures: an analysis of structural and relational embeddedness in the steel and semiconductor industries”.
Strategic Management Journal, 21 (2000), pp. 369-386
[SAKO and HELPER, 1998]
M. SAKO, S. HELPER.
“Determinants of Trust in Supplier Relations: Evidence from the Automotive Industry in Japan and the United States”.
Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 34 (1998), pp. 387-417
[SAXENIAN, 1990]
A. SAXENIAN.
“Regional Networks and the Resurgence of Silicon Valley”.
California Management Review, (1990), pp. 89-112
[SHENKAR and LI, 1999]
O. SHENKAR, J. LI.
“Knowledge search in international cooperative ventures”.
Organization Science, 10 (1999), pp. 134-143
[SIMONIN, 1999]
B.L. SIMONIN.
“Ambiguity and the process of knowledge transfer in strategic alliances”.
Strategic Management Journal, 20 (1999), pp. 595-623
[TICHY and FOMBRUN, 1979]
N. TICHY, C.J. FOMBRUN.
“Network analysis in organizational settings”.
Human Relations, 32 (1979), pp. 923-965
[THORELLI, 1986]
H.B. THORELLI.
“Networks: Between Markets and Hierarchies”.
Strategic Management Journal, 7 (1986), pp. 37-51
[TSAI, 2001]
W. TSAI.
“Knowledge Transfer in Intraorganizational Networks: Effects of Network Position and Absorptive Capacity on Business Unit Innovation and Performance”.
Academy of Management Review, 44 (2001), pp. 996-1004
[UZZI, 1997]
B. UZZI.
“Social structure and competition in interfirm networks: the paradox of embeddedness”'.
Ad/winistrative Science Quarterly, 42 (1997), pp. 35-67
[WASSERMAN and FAUST, 1994]
S. WASSERMAN, K. FAUST.
Social Network Analysis. Methods and applications, Cambridge, University Press, (1994),
[WIEWEL and HUNTER, 1985]
W. WIEWEL, A. HUNTER.
“The interorganizational network as a resource: a comparative case study on organizational genesis”.
Administrative Science Quarterly, December (1985), pp. 482-496
[WILLIAMSON, 1991]
O. WILLIAMSON.
“Comparative Economic Organization: The Analysis of Discrete Structural Alternatives”.
Administrative Science Quarterly, 36 (1991), pp. 269-296
[YEH-YUN and ZHANG, 2005]
C. YEH-YUN, J. ZHANG.
“Changing structures of SME Networks: Lessons from the publishing industry in Taiwan”.
Long Range Plannig, 38 (2005), pp. 145-162
[ZAHEER et al., 1998]
A. ZAHEER, B. MCEVILY, V. PERRONE.
“Does Trust Matter? Exploring the Effects of Interorganizational and Interpersonal Trust on Performance”.
Organization Science, 9 (1998), pp. 141-159
[ZAHEER and BELL, 2005]
A. ZAHEER, G.G. BELL.
“Benefiting from network position: firm capabilities, structural holes, and performance”.
Strategic Management Journal, 26 (2005), pp. 809-825
Copyright © 2008. Academia Europea de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa
