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Gastrointestinal infection with Aeromonas: incidence and relationship to inflammatory bowel disease
Infección gastrointestinal por Aeromonas: incidencia y su posible relación con la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal
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Ainara Elorzaa, Iago Rodríguez-Lagoa,b, Patricia Martínezc, Alba Hidalgoa, Urko Aguirred, José Luis Cabriadaa,b,
Corresponding author
jcabriada@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
a Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Galdakao-Usansolo, Galdakao, Spain
b Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
c Laboratorio de Microbiología, Hospital Galdakao-Usansolo, Galdakao, Spain
d Unidad de Investigación, Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Spain
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Received 19 December 2019. Accepted 13 April 2020
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Table 1. Patient characteristics.
Table 2. Characteristics of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Abstract
Introduction

Aeromonas can cause several diseases in humans, with gastroenteritis accounting for most cases. The role of Aeromonas as a pathogen in human enterocolitis has been questioned in recent years.

Objectives

To determine the incidence of gastrointestinal infection caused by Aeromonas in our area and its possible relationship to inflammatory bowel disease.

Patients and methods

This was a retrospective observational study. All adult patients with a positive stool culture for Aeromonas were identified between January 2015 and December 2017 at Hospital Galdakao-Usansolo (Vizcaya, Spain).

Results

Ninety-eight patients were identified (median age 62 years; 51% women). Therefore, the incidence in our area was 32 cases per 105 inhabitants per year. Eleven per cent of them had been previously diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (four with ulcerative colitis and seven with Crohn's disease). Patients with inflammatory bowel disease more often received immunosuppressive therapy. Conversely, patients without inflammatory bowel disease suffered from more comorbidities. We also found comorbidity to be the risk factor most associated with Aeromonas infection.

Conclusion

Aeromonas infection is a common gastrointestinal infection that may occur in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. Immunosuppression is a significant factor in inflammatory bowel disease patients, while comorbidity seems to confer a higher risk on patients without this disease.

Keywords:
Inflammatory bowel disease
Aeromonas
Gastrointestinal infection
Resumen
Introducción

Las Aeromonas son la causa de múltiples enfermedades en humanos, siendo la gastroenteritis la más frecuente. El papel de Aeromonas como patógeno en las enterocolitis y su relación con la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal siguen siendo controvertidos.

Objetivo

Determinar la incidencia de la infección porAeromonas en nuestro entorno y su posible relación con la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal.

Pacientes y métodos

Estudio retrospectivo y observacional de todos los pacientes adultos con al menos un aislamiento de Aeromonas en el cultivo de heces entre enero de 2015 y diciembre de 2017 en el Hospital Galdakao-Usansolo (Vizcaya).

Resultados

Se identificaron 98 pacientes con un cultivo de heces positivo paraAeromonas (edad media 62 años, 51% mujeres), estimando una incidencia de 32 casos/105 habitantes-año. El 11% tenían un diagnóstico previo de enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (4 colitis ulcerosa y 7 enfermedad de Crohn). Estos pacientes se encontraban en tratamiento inmunosupresor con más frecuencia, aunque tenían menos comorbilidades que el grupo sin esta patología. También observamos que la comorbilidad era el factor que más se asociaba a la infección por Aeromonas.

Conclusiones

La infección porAeromonas tiene una incidencia de 32 casos/105 habitantes-año, y afecta tanto a pacientes inmunocompetentes como a inmunodeprimidos. La incidencia está influida por la inmunosupresión en pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, mientras que la comorbilidad parece conferir un mayor riesgo en pacientes sin esta patología.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal
Aeromonas
Infección gastrointestinal

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