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Vol. 45. Issue 9.
Pages 668-676 (November 2022)
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Vol. 45. Issue 9.
Pages 668-676 (November 2022)
Original article
Psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Spain. A post lockdown reflection
Impacto psicosocial de la pandemia de COVID-19 en pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal en España. Una reflexión posterior al confinamiento
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Alejandro Hernández Cambaa,1,
Corresponding author
dr.alejandrohc@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Laura Ramosb,1, María Blanca Madrid Álvarezc, Lina Pérez-Méndezd,e, Pilar Nosf,g, Vicent Hernándezh, Ivan Guerrai,j, Nuria Jiménezk, Rufo Lorentel, Mónica Sierra-Ausínm, Daniel Ginardn, Pilar Varela Trastoyo, Laura Arranza, María José Cabello Tapiap, Yamile Zabanaq,g, Manuel Barreiro-de Acostar, on behalf of GETECCU
a Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
b Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
c Dermatology Department, Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
d Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Unit, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, and Primary Care Management, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
e Networked Biomedical Research Centre (CIBER) of Respiratory Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
f Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico de la Fe de Valencia, Spain
g Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
h Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain
i Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain
j Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain
k Gastroenterology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain
l Gastroenterology Department, Hospital General Universitario Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
m Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario de León, León, Spain
n Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
o Gastroenterology Department, Hospital de Cabueñes, Gijón, Spain
p Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves, Granada, Spain
q Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
r Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Abstract
Objectives

This multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the psychosocial impact of COVID-19 on patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Spain during lockdown and the first wave of the pandemic.

Patients and methods

A self-report questionnaire that integrated the Spanish version of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 items (DASS-21) and the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSS) was designed to gather sociodemographic data and information related to the effects of lockdown on the lives of IBD patients. Twelve IBD units invited their patients to answer the anonymous online survey between the 1st July and the 25th August 2020.

Results

Of the 693 survey participants with IBD, 67% were women and the mean age was 43 (SD 12). Sixty-one percent had ulcerative colitis, 36% Crohn's disease and 3% indeterminate colitis. DASS-21 scores indicate that during lockdown the estimated prevalence of depression was 11% [95% CI 8.2–13%], anxiety 20% [95% CI 17 to 23%] and stress 18% [95% CI 8.2–13%]. Multivariate analysis showed that the perceived high risk of COVID-19 infection because of having IBD and maladaptation to government measures to reduce the spread of disease doubled the risk of anxiety and stress during lockdown.

Conclusions

In the short-term, lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic seemed to have an impact on the already affected mental health of our IBD patients in Spain.

Keywords:
COVID-19
IBD
DASS-21
Pandemic
Lockdown
Depression
Anxiety
Stress
Resumen
Objetivos

Este estudio transversal multicéntrico se llevó a cabo para evaluar el impacto psicosocial de la COVID-19 en pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) en España durante el confinamiento y la primera ola de la pandemia.

Pacientes y métodos

Se diseñó un cuestionario de autoinforme que integraba la versión española de la Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés-21 ítems (DASS-21) y el Cuestionario de Estrés Percibido (PSS) para recoger datos sociodemográficos e información relacionada con los efectos del confinamiento en la vida de los pacientes con EII. Doce unidades de EII invitaron a sus pacientes a responder a la encuesta anónima en línea entre el 1 de julio y el 25 de agosto de 2020.

Resultados

De los 693 participantes en la encuesta con EII, el 67% eran mujeres y la edad media era de 43 años (DE 12). El 61% tenía colitis ulcerosa, el 36% enfermedad de Crohn y el 3% colitis indeterminada. Las puntuaciones del DASS-21 indican que durante el encierro la prevalencia estimada de depresión fue del 11% [IC 95%: 8,2-13%], de ansiedad del 20% [IC 95%: 17-23%] y de estrés del 18% [IC 95%: 8,2-13%]. El análisis multivariante mostró que la percepción de alto riesgo de infección por COVID-19 por tener EII y la inadaptación a las medidas gubernamentales para reducir la propagación de la enfermedad duplicaban el riesgo de ansiedad y estrés durante el encierro.

Conclusiones

A corto plazo, el confinamiento durante la pandemia de COVID-19 pareció tener un impacto en la ya afectada salud mental de nuestros pacientes con EII en España.

Palabras clave:
COVID-19
EII
DASS-21
Pandemia
Confinamiento
Depresión
Ansiedad
Estrés

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