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Gastroenterología y Hepatología (English Edition) Predictors of early immunosuppression at ulcerative colitis onset in the biologi...
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Vol. 49. Issue 2.
(February 2026)
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Vol. 49. Issue 2.
(February 2026)
Original article

Predictors of early immunosuppression at ulcerative colitis onset in the biological era

Predictores de inmunosupresión temprana al inicio de la colitis ulcerosa en la era biológica
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Gisela Piñeroa, Edgar Castilloa, Carlos González-Muñozab, Anna Calma, Clàudia Pujolb, Jordi Gordillob, Margalida Calafata,c, Federico Bertolettib, Esther Garcia-Planellab, Míriam Mañosaa,c,
Corresponding author
mmanosa.germanstrias@gencat.cat

Corresponding authors.
, Eugeni Domènecha,c,d,
Corresponding author
eugenidomenech@gmail.com

Corresponding authors.
a Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
b Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
c Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Spain
d Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Background

Unlike Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis (UC) lacks predictive factors of a bad prognosis. Therefore, immunosuppressant therapy is only considered in a step-up strategy when steroid refractoriness or dependency develops.

Objective

To identify predictive factors for the early use of immunosuppressants, biological agents and colectomy in UC.

Patients and methods

Retrospective, observational study of an incident cohort of UC at two referral centres over a 7-year period. Demographic, clinical, endoscopic and biologic variables at UC diagnosis were collected and early use (within five years) of immunosuppressants, biological agents and colectomy was assessed for a maximum of five years.

Results

A total of 239 patients were included. At baseline, 32% presented with extensive colitis, 15% severe disease activity and 13% large ulcers at diagnostic endoscopy. At the end of follow-up, 24% were exposed to thiopurines, 18% to biologicals and 4% were colectomized. The need for thiopurines, biological agents or colectomy was independently associated with extensive UC at diagnosis (OR 5.3; IC95% 1.6–17.2), the need for corticosteroids at disease onset (OR 7.8; IC95% 2.6–23.9) and proximal progression during follow-up (OR 13; IC95% 2.3–73.4).

Conclusions

Less than a third of patients with UC use thiopurines or biological agents within the first five years of disease course. Unfortunately, there are no predictive factors robust enough to allow for the early introduction of advanced therapies at disease onset.

Keywords:
Ulcerative colitis
Prediction
Immunosuppression
Biologicals
Colectomy
Resumen
Antecedentes

A diferencia de la enfermedad de Crohn, la colitis ulcerosa (CU) carece de factores predictivos de mal pronóstico. Por ello, el tratamiento inmunosupresor solo se considera en una estrategia escalonada, cuando aparece refractariedad o dependencia a corticoides.

Objetivo

Identificar factores predictivos para el uso precoz de inmunosupresores, agentes biológicos y colectomía en pacientes con CU.

Pacientes y métodos

Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, de una cohorte incidente de pacientes con CU atendidos en dos centros de referencia durante un período de siete años. Se recogieron variables demográficas, clínicas, endoscópicas y biológicas al momento del diagnóstico, y se evaluó el uso precoz (dentro de los primeros cinco años) de inmunosupresores, biológicos y colectomía durante un seguimiento máximo de cinco años.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 239 pacientes. Al inicio, el 32% presentaba colitis extensa, el 15% actividad severa y el 13% úlceras grandes en la endoscopia diagnóstica. Al final del seguimiento, el 24% había recibido tiopurinas, el 18% biológicos y el 4% fue sometido a colectomía. La necesidad de tiopurinas, agentes biológicos o colectomía se asoció de forma independiente con CU extensa al diagnóstico (OR 5,3; IC95% 1,6–17,2), necesidad de corticoides al inicio de la enfermedad (OR 7,8; IC95% 2,6–23,9) y progresión proximal durante el seguimiento (OR 13; IC95% 2,3–73,4).

Conclusiones

Menos de un tercio de los pacientes con CU requiere tiopurinas o agentes biológicos durante los primeros cinco años de evolución. Lamentablemente, no se han identificado factores predictivos suficientemente robustos que permitan una introducción temprana de terapias avanzadas al inicio de la enfermedad.

Palabras clave:
Colitis ulcerosa
Predicción
Inmunosupresión
Biológicos
Colectomía

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