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Gastroenterología y Hepatología (English Edition) Intensive vs. moderate fluid resuscitation in acute pancreatitis: A systematic r...
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Vol. 49. Issue 7.
(August - September 2026)
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Vol. 49. Issue 7.
(August - September 2026)
Original Article

Intensive vs. moderate fluid resuscitation in acute pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Reanimación con fluidos intensiva versus moderada en pancreatitis aguda: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis
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Naomi Salcedo-Camposa, Jose Caballero-Alvaradoa,b, Victor Lau-Torresc, Carlos Zavaleta-Corverad,
Corresponding author
czavaletac3@upao.edu.pe

Corresponding author.
a Faculty of Medicine, Antenor Orrego Private University, Trujillo, Peru
b Department of Surgery, Trujillo Regional Hospital, Trujillo, Peru
c Faculty of Medicine, National University of Trujillo, Peru
d Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima, Peru
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Abstract
Objective

Intravenous fluid resuscitation is central to the early management of acute pancreatitis (AP), but the optimal intensity remains uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis compared intensive or aggressive vs. moderate fluid resuscitation in adults with AP.

Patients and methods

This systematic review and meta-analysis followed PRISMA 2020 and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024626152). PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were searched from inception to February 15, 2024 for Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) enrolling adults with acute pancreatitis and comparing intensive/aggressive vs. moderate fluid resuscitation. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality; secondary outcomes were length of hospital stay, persistence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), fluid-overload complications, and early clinical improvement (≤36h). Risk of bias was assessed with RoB 2.0. Pooled relative risks (RR) and mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using fixed- or random-effects models according to heterogeneity (I2). Analyses were performed in RevMan 5.4.1.

Results

Seven RCTs were included. IFR was associated with higher mortality than MFR (RR 2.60; 95% CI 1.48–4.57; I2=0%). IFR did not reduce LOS (MD 1.21 days; 95% CI 0.72–1.69; I2=65%) or SIRS persistence (RR 0.87; 95% CI 0.50–1.52; I2=26%). Fluid-overload complications were more frequent with IFR (RR 3.34; 95% CI 1.60–6.98; I2=0%). Early clinical improvement did not differ (RR 1.20; 95% CI 0.63–2.29; I2=72%). Risk of bias was generally low.

Conclusions

Across randomized evidence, intensive hydration offers no clinical benefit over moderate regimens and is associated with higher mortality and greater risk of fluid overload. Findings support moderate, goal-directed, individualized fluid therapy in acute pancreatitis and highlight the need for large multicenter RCTs to refine fluid targets and monitoring endpoints.

Keywords:
Acute pancreatitis
Fluid resuscitation
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
Fluid overload
Mortality
Review
Resumen
Objetivo

La reanimación con fluidos es fundamental en el manejo temprano de la pancreatitis aguda (PA), pero la intensidad óptima sigue en debate. Esta revisión sistemática y metaanálisis comparó la reanimación intensiva o agresiva frente a la moderada en adultos con PA.

Pacientes y métodos

Esta revisión sistemática y metaanálisis siguió PRISMA 2020 y fue registrada en PROSPERO (CRD42024626152). Se realizó una búsqueda en PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science y Embase desde el inicio de cada base hasta el 15 de febrero de 2024, incluyendo ensayos clínicos aleatorizados en adultos con pancreatitis aguda que compararan reanimación con fluidos intensiva/agresiva versus moderada. El desenlace primario fue la mortalidad intrahospitalaria; los secundarios fueron estancia hospitalaria, persistencia de SIRS, complicaciones por sobrecarga hídrica y mejoría clínica temprana (≤36h). El riesgo de sesgo se evaluó con RoB 2.0. Se estimaron riesgos relativos (RR) y diferencias de medias (DM) con IC95% utilizando modelos de efectos fijos o aleatorios según la heterogeneidad (I2). Los análisis se realizaron en RevMan 5.4.1.

Resultados

Se incluyeron siete Ensayos Controlados Aleatorizados. La IFR se asoció con mayor mortalidad que la MFR (RR 2.60; IC95% 1.48–4.57; I2=0%). La IFR no redujo la estancia (DM 1.21 días; IC95% 0.72–1.69; I2=65%) ni la persistencia de SIRS (RR 0.87; IC95% 0.50–1.52; I2=26%). Las complicaciones por sobrecarga hídrica fueron más frecuentes con IFR (RR 3.34; IC95% 1.60–6.98; I2=0%). No hubo diferencias en la mejoría clínica temprana (RR 1.20; IC95% 0.63–2.29; I2=72%). El riesgo de sesgo fue generalmente bajo.

Conclusiones

En el conjunto de la evidencia aleatorizada, la hidratación intensiva no aporta beneficios sobre la moderada y se relaciona con mayor mortalidad y más sobrecarga de líquidos. Los hallazgos respaldan una reanimación moderada, guiada por objetivos e individualizada en pancreatitis aguda y subrayan la necesidad de ECA multicéntricos de gran tamaño para precisar metas de fluidos y estrategias de monitorización.

Palabras clave:
Pancreatitis aguda
Reanimación con líquidos
Síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica (SRIS)
Sobrecarga de líquidos
Mortalidad
Revisión

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