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Vol. 45. Issue 9.
Pages 690-696 (November 2022)
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Vol. 45. Issue 9.
Pages 690-696 (November 2022)
Original article
Clinical characteristics and treatment of perianal fistulising Crohn's disease in Colombia: Results of a multicentric registry
Características clínicas y tratamiento de la enfermedad de Crohn perianal fistulizante en Colombia: resultados de un registro multicéntrico
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Fabian Juliao-Bañosa,
Corresponding author
fabianjuliao@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Laura Osoriob, Jhon Carvajala, Gabriel Mosquera-Klingera, Anwar Medellínc, Jorge Padrónc, Belén de Molanoc, Fabián Puentesd, Edwin Muñozd, Gustavo Reyese, Fabio Gile, Viviana Parra-Izquierdof, Héctor Sáncheza
a Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, Colombia
b Unidad de Gastroenterología, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
c Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
d Unión de Cirujanos, Manizales. Colombia
e Clínica Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
f Gastroadvanced IPS, Bogotá, Colombia
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Abstract
Introduction

Fistulizing perianal Crohn's disease (CD) is a phenotype with a poor prognosis. There are no studies in our country. Our objective is to determine the clinical, sociodemographic and treatment characteristics of perianal fistulizing CD in a Colombian multicenter registry.

Materials and methods

A retrospective, multicenter observational study was carried out, with prospective data collection, in the main reference centers for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in the country. Continuous variables were expressed as medians and interquartile ranges. The categorical outcome variables were compared by the chi-square test.

Results

65 patients with perianal fistulizing CD were documented, with a median age of appearance of perianal fistula of 31.0 years (Range: 24–42), Predominantly in men (61.5%, H: M ratio, 1.4: 1). Complex perianal fistulas were more frequent than simple ones (75.35% vs 24.6%). Regarding medical treatment, 66.2% of the patients received antibiotics, 64.6% steroids, 78.5% biological therapy, 47.7% non-cutting setons, and 46.2% required surgical management, other than seton placement. Only 29.2% achieved complete remission of the fistula, and 9.2% of the patients ended up in a definitive colostomy. CD patients with complex fistulas received more biological therapy, compared to CD patients with simple fistulas (84.8% vs 56.3%, P: 0.038).

Conclusions

Perianal fistulizing CD has a poor prognosis in our setting, only 3 out of 10 patients achieve complete remission despite treatment. A multidisciplinary management is essential for the comprehensive management of this difficult pathology.

Keywords:
Crohn's disease
Perianal fistula
Biological therapy
Setons
Resumen
Introducción

La Enfermedad de Crohn (EC) perianal fistulizante es un fenotipo de mal pronóstico. No existen estudios en nuestro medio. Nuestro objetivo es determinar las características clínicas, sociodemográficas y tratamiento de la EC perianal fistulizante en un registro multicéntrico Colombiano.

Materiales y métodos

Se realizó un estudio observacional multicéntrico, retrospectivo, con recolección prospectiva de la información, en los principales centros de referencia de Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal (EII) del país. Las variables continuas se expresaron como medianas y rangos inter-cuartiles. Las variables de resultado categóricas, fueron comparados por la prueba de chi-cuadrado.

Resultados

Se documentaron 65 pacientes con EC perianal fistulizante, con una mediana de edad de aparición de fistula perianal de 31.0 años (Rango: 24–42.), predominando en hombres (61.5%, Razón H: M, 1.4:1). Las fístulas perianales complejas fueron más frecuentes que las simples (75.35% vs 24.6%). En cuanto al tratamiento médico, 66.2% de los pacientes recibieron antibióticos, 64.6% esteroides, 78.5% terapia biológica, 47.7% setones no cortantes, y 46.2% requirieron manejo quirúrgico, diferente a la colocación de setones. En solo 29.2% se logró remisión completa de la fístula, y 9.2% de los pacientes terminaron en colostomía definitiva. Los pacientes con EC con fístulas complejas recibieron más terapia biológica, comparado con pacientes con EC y fístulas simples (84.8% vs 56.3%, P: 0.038).

Conclusiones

La EC fistulizante perianal es de mal pronóstico en nuestro medio, solo 3 de cada 10 pacientes logran remisión completa a pesar de tratamiento. Un manejo multidisciplinario es fundamental para el manejo integral de esta difícil patología.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedad de Crohn
Fístula perianal
Terapia biológica
Setones

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