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Nurse information in Spanish intensive care units: Formal or informal role? Multicentre study
Información enfermera en las unidades de cuidados intensivos españolas: ¿rol formal o informal? Estudio multicéntrico
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J. Valls-Matarín
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finavalls@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, M. del Cotillo-Fuente
Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
This item has received
Received 07 July 2021. Accepted 20 October 2021
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Abstract
Objectives

To evaluate the brochure provided to relatives on admission to Spanish Intensive Care Units (ICU) regarding nursing information.

Methodology

Descriptive, cross-sectional, multicentre study from September–December 2019. A total of 280 adult ICUs were included, according to the list of the Spanish Society of Intensive Care. The brochure was requested through personal contact, phone call, twitter, or hospital website.

Analysed variables

Hospital (public/private), university (yes/no), visiting (open/closed), medical and nurse information. Descriptive statistics and X2 test (relations nurse information and other variables).

Results

Data were collected from 228 ICU (81.4%), of which 25 (11%) did not have a brochure. A total of 77.8% were public and 49.8% university hospitals. Of the hospitals, 94.1% had closed visiting hours, although 42.4% supplemented it with flexible. All the hospitals included daily medical information with an established timetable, 21.7% (n = 44) contained nurse information, 27.3% with established hours and 38.6% during visits. Of the nursing information, 79.5% referred to care, 29.5% to needs, 13.6% to well-being, 15.9% to the patient's condition, 11.4% to the environment, 9.1% to observations, and 29.5% to clarifications. A total of 17.2% of all ICU offered to collaborate in care. Of the brochures with nurse information, 90.9% were public hospitals and 9.1% were private (p = .02). Of the hospitals, 65.9% were university compared to 34.1% who were not (p = .02).

Conclusions

While medical information is consistently reflected in all brochures, only a few contain nursing information with generic and non-homogeneous and specific content. These results contrast with the reality of the ICU, where the nurse is the professional with the greatest contact with the family. The official provision of nursing information occurs more frequently in public and university hospitals. It is necessary to standardise this information, since as a responsible part of the care process, nurses must communicate their care in a formal manner, and thus help make their work visible.

Keywords:
Brochure
Information
Family
Professional-family relations
Nurse
Critical care
Resumen
Objetivos

Evaluar la guía de acogida proporcionada a los familiares en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) españolas respecto a la información enfermera.

Metodología

Estudio descriptivo, transversal multicéntrico de septiembre-diciembre de 2019. Se incluyeron 280 UCIs de adultos, según listado de la Sociedad Española de Cuidados Intensivos. El folleto se solicitó mediante contacto personal, llamada telefónica, twitter o web del hospital.

Variables analizadas

Hospital (público/concertado o privado), universitario (sí/no), visita (abierta/cerrada), información médica y enfermera. Estadística descriptiva y prueba Chi cuadrado (relación información enfermera y resto de variables).

Resultados

Se recogieron datos de 228 UCI (81,4%), de las cuales 25 (11%) no disponían de folleto. Un 77,8% eran públicas/concertadas y el 49,8% universitarias. El 94,1% tenían horario cerrado, aunque el 42,4% lo complementaban con uno flexible o de acompañamiento. El 100% incluía información médica diaria con horario establecido. El 21,7% (n = 44) contenía información enfermera, un 27,3% con horario establecido y un 38,6% durante las visitas. El 79,5% la información enfermera hacía referencia a cuidados, 29,5% a necesidades, 13,6% al bienestar, 15,9% al estado del paciente,11,4% al entorno, 9,1% a observaciones y 29,5% a aclaraciones. El 17,2% de todas las UCI ofrecía colaborar en los cuidados. De los folletos con información enfermera, el 90,9% eran hospitales públicos/concertados y el 9,1% privados (p = 0,02). El 65,9% eran universitarios frente el 34,1% que no (p = 0,02).

Conclusiones

Mientras que la información médica queda reflejada de forma unánime, una baja proporción de folletos citan la información enfermera con un contenido poco homogéneo y concreto. Estos resultados contrastan con la realidad de la UCI, donde la enfermera es el profesional con mayor contacto con la familia. La referencia oficial de la información enfermera se da con más frecuencia en hospitales públicos/concertados y universitarios. Es necesario regularizar dicha información, ya que como parte responsable del proceso asistencial, la enfermera debe comunicar sus cuidados de manera formal, contribuyendo así, a hacer visible su labor.

Palabras clave:
Guía
Información
Familia
Relaciones profesional-familia
Enfermera
Cuidados intensivos

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