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Enfermería Intensiva (English Edition) Post-intensive care syndrome in cardiac patients: Cognitive, psychological, and ...
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Vol. 37. Issue 3.
(July - September 2026)
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Vol. 37. Issue 3.
(July - September 2026)
Original article

Post-intensive care syndrome in cardiac patients: Cognitive, psychological, and functional implications — A cross-sectional study

Síndrome post-cuidados intensivos en pacientes cardíacos: implicaciones cognitivas, psicológicas y funcionales – Un estudio transversal
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Anastasios Tzenalisa,
Corresponding author
antzenalis@upatras.gr

Corresponding author.
, Efrosini Petropouloub, George Kipourgosc, Evangelia Andreopoulouc, Angeliki Gkotsid, Eleni Albania
a Nursing Department, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
b Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
c Cardiac Surgical Intensive Care Unit (CSICU), Nursing Department, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
d Haemodynamic Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Abstract
Introduction

Post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) involves cognitive, psychological, and physical impairments after ICU hospitalization. While extensively studied in general ICU populations, its impact on cardiac patients remains underexplored.

Objectives

This study examined the prevalence and severity of PICS-related symptoms among cardiac patients 2–4 weeks after ICU discharge and explored correlations with selected demographic and clinical factors.

Method

A cross-sectional correlational study was conducted with 100 post-ICU cardiac patients, assessed 2–4 weeks after ICU discharge, at a Critical Care Recovery Center (May–June 2024). Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and the Greek-adapted Healthy Aging Brain Care Monitor–Self Report (HABC-M SR). Non-parametric tests and Spearman correlations were applied (p < 0.05).

Results

Clinically relevant PICS symptoms were identified in 68% of participants. The mean total HABC-M SR score was 41.4 ± 23.9, indicating moderate to severe symptom burden. Functional and psychological impairments were more prominent than cognitive deficits. Greater symptom burden correlated with older age, lower educational level, and male sex.

Discussion

PICS significantly influences the recovery of cardiac patients, affecting their physical, cognitive, and emotional well-being. Early identification of vulnerable groups is essential.

Conclusions

Post-intensive care syndrome was highly prevalent among cardiac patients within the first month following ICU discharge, with functional and psychological impairments more pronounced than cognitive deficits. Older age, lower educational level, and male sex were correlated with greater symptom burden across PICS domains. These findings highlight the multidimensional impact of PICS in cardiac populations and underscore the need for early, structured screening and multidisciplinary follow-up during early recovery to support functional recovery and psychological well-being.

Keywords:
Post-intensive care syndrome
Cardiovascular diseases
Cognitive dysfunction
Psychological distress
Activities of daily living
Quality of life
Resumen
Introducción

El síndrome poscuidados intensivos (PICS) implica deterioros cognitivos, psicológicos y físicos tras la hospitalización en la UCI. Aunque se ha estudiado ampliamente en poblaciones generales de la UCI, su impacto en pacientes cardíacos sigue sin estar suficientemente investigado.

Objetivos

Este estudio examinó la prevalencia y la gravedad de los síntomas relacionados con el PICS entre pacientes cardíacos entre 2 y 4 semanas después del alta de la UCI y exploró las correlaciones con factores demográficos y clínicos seleccionados.

Método

Se realizó un estudio correlacional transversal con 100 pacientes cardíacos tras su estancia en la UCI, evaluados entre 2 y 4 semanas después del alta de la UCI, en un centro de recuperación de cuidados intensivos (mayo-junio de 2024). Los datos se recopilaron mediante un cuestionario estructurado y el Healthy Aging Brain Care Monitor–Self Report (HABC-M SR) adaptado al griego. Se aplicaron pruebas no paramétricas y correlaciones de Spearman (p < 0,05).

Resultados

Se identificaron síntomas de PICS clínicamente relevantes en el 68% de los participantes. La puntuación media total del HABC-M SR fue de 41,4 ± 23,9, lo que indica una carga de síntomas de moderada a grave. Las deficiencias funcionales y psicológicas fueron más prominentes que los déficits cognitivos. Una mayor carga de síntomas se correlacionó con una edad más avanzada, un nivel educativo más bajo y el sexo masculino.

Discusión

El PICS influye significativamente en la recuperación de los pacientes cardíacos, afectando a su bienestar físico, cognitivo y emocional. Es esencial la identificación temprana de los grupos vulnerables.

Conclusiones

El síndrome post-cuidados intensivos fue muy prevalente entre los pacientes cardíacos durante el primer mes tras el alta de la UCI, con deficiencias funcionales y psicológicas más pronunciadas que los déficits cognitivos. La edad avanzada, el nivel educativo más bajo y el sexo masculino se asociaron con una mayor carga de síntomas en todos los ámbitos del PICS. Estos hallazgos ponen de relieve el impacto multidimensional del PICS en la población cardíaca y subrayan la necesidad de un cribado temprano y estructurado y un seguimiento multidisciplinar durante la recuperación temprana para apoyar la recuperación funcional y el bienestar psicológico.

Palabras clave:
Síndrome post-cuidados intensivos
Enfermedades cardiovasculares
Disfunción cognitiva
Malestar psicológico
Actividades de la vida diaria
Calidad de vida

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