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Enfermería Intensiva (English Edition) Intraosseous access in specialized pediatric and neonatal transport. Descriptive...
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Vol. 37. Issue 2.
(April - June 2026)
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Vol. 37. Issue 2.
(April - June 2026)
Original article

Intraosseous access in specialized pediatric and neonatal transport. Descriptive study

Acceso vascular intraóseo en transporte pediátrico y neonatal especializado. Estudio descriptivo
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Marta Rodríguez-Navarro
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martarodriguezn@gencat.cat

Corresponding author.
, Montserrat Pujol-Jover, Maria Lourdes Ausin-Garcia, Beatriz Soria-Navarro, Roser Riera-Mas
Unidad de Transporte Pediátrico y Neonatal, Servicio de Emergencias Médicas, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Aims

The primary objective was to identify the factors associated with the success rate of intraosseous (IO) access placement in patients attended by a Pediatric and Neonatal Transport (PNT) unit.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective descriptive study between January 2021 and September 2025, including all pediatric and neonatal patients (0–16 years) who required intraosseous (IO) access during care provided by the TPN team. Demographic, clinical, and procedural data were collected. Descriptive statistics were used, and associations with the primary outcome (successful IO access placement) were assessed using the Chi-square test for categorical variables (age group, operator, needle type, and anatomical site) and the Mann–Whitney U test for numerical variables (weight and age).

Results

Sixty IO access attempts were analyzed in 45 patients. The overall success rate was 88.3% (n = 53). Anatomical site was significantly associated with successful placement (P = .01), with the proximal tibia being the most frequently used and effective site, followed by femur and humerus. No association was found with patient age, needle size, or the provider performing the procedure. Complications occurred in 15.1% of cases, all due to extravasation, with a higher incidence in younger and lower-weight patients.

Conclusions

The IO access is an effective alternative to vascular access in critically ill pediatric and neonatal patients. Placement success is significantly influenced by anatomical site. Neonates show a tendency toward lower success rates and higher incidence of extravasation.

Keywords:
Intraosseous access
Transportation of patients
Pediatric transport
Neonatal transport
Resumen
Objetivos

El objetivo principal fue identificar los factores relacionados con la tasa de éxito en la colocación del acceso intraóseo (IO) en pacientes atendidos por una unidad de Transporte Pediátrico y Neonatal (TPN).

Método

Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo realizado entre enero de 2021 y septiembre de 2025, que incluyó a todos los pacientes pediátricos y neonatales (0–16 años) que requirieron acceso IO durante la asistencia por el equipo de TPN. Se recogieron datos demográficos, clínicos y procedimentales. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva y se analizaron las asociaciones con la variable principal (correcta colocación del acceso IO) mediante la prueba de Chi cuadrado para las variables categóricas (rango de edad, profesional que coloca el acceso, tipo de aguja y localización anatómica) y la prueba U de Mann-Whitney para las variables numéricas (peso y edad).

Resultados

Se analizaron 60 accesos IO en 45 pacientes. La tasa de éxito fue del 88.3% (n = 53). La localización anatómica mostró asociación significativa con el éxito en la colocación (P = .01), con predominio de la tibia proximal, seguido de fémur y húmero. No se encontró relación con el rango de edad del paciente, con el tamaño de la aguja ni con el profesional que lo coloca. Obtuvimos un 15,1% de complicaciones, todas por extravasación, observándose una mayor incidencia en pacientes de menor peso y edad.

Conclusiones

El acceso IO es una alternativa eficaz al acceso vascular en el paciente pediátrico y neonatal crítico. La tasa de éxito en su colocación está influida de forma significativa por la localización anatómica. El paciente neonatal presenta tendencia a una menor tasa de éxito y mayor incidencia de extravasaciones.

Palabras clave:
Intraósea
Transporte terrestre
Transporte pediátrico
Transporte neonatal

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