Knowledge of asthmatic disease as a pneumonia protective factor

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Enfermería Clínica is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that is a useful and necessary tool for nurses from the different areas of nursing (healthcare, administration, education and research) as well as for healthcare professionals involved in caring for persons, families and the community. It is the only Spanish nursing journal that mainly publishes original research. Its objectives are to promote the dissemination of knowledge, promote the development of evidence in care and contribute to the integration of research in clinical practice. These objective is pursued throughout the different sections that comprise the Journal: Original Articles and Short Original Articles, Reviews, Patient Care and Letters to the Editor. There is also an Evidence-Based Nursing section that includes two kinds of articles: comments about original articles of special interest written by experts, and evidence synthesis articles based on bibliographic reviews. The journal is included in National Library of Medicine/Pubmed/Medline, Scopus/SCImago Journal Rank(SJR), Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) (Clarivate Analytics), CINHAL, Elsevier Bibliographic Databases, EBSCO Publishing, Biblioteca Nacional de Ciencias de la Salud, CSIC/IME, IBECS, Latindex, CUIDEN, Dialnet, Google Scholar Metrics.

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Original Article

DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcle.2018.10.010

Knowledge of asthmatic disease as a pneumonia protective factor

Conocimiento de la enfermedad asmática como factor protector de neumonía

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Francesc Rodrígueza,b,d,

Corresponding author

frodriguez@csdm.cat

Corresponding author.

, Analía Duranb,c, Zulema Muñozc, Mateu Serra-Pratb,d,e,g, Ramón Boixedab,d,f, María Carmen Ruiza,b

a Unidades de Hospitalización, Hospital de Mataró, Consorcio sanitario del Maresme, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain

b Grup d’Estudis del Maresme de la Pneumònia Adquirida a la Comunitat (GEMPAC), Mataró, Barcelona, Spain

c Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital de Mataró, Consorcio Sanitario del Maresme, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain

d Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain

e Departamento de Epidemiología, Investigación y Desarrollo, Hospital de Mataró. Consorcio sanitario del Maresme, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain

f Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Mataró, Consorcio sanitario del Maresme, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain

g Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain

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Received 16 March 2018. Accepted 07 November 2018

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Tables (5)

Table 1. Questions and evaluation criteria for knowledge about asthmatic disease.

Table 2. Knowledge of asthmatic disease by cases and controls.

Table 3. Distribution of the affirmative answers to the medication adherence questionnaire. Morisky–Green test and degree of adherence to inhaled medication.

Table 4. Sociodemographic variables (sex, university education), severity and functionality for knowledge of asthmatic disease.

Table 5. Multivariate analysis of the risk of community-acquired pneumonia adjusted according to knowledge, age, educational level, alterations of functionality and number of inhalations.

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Abstract

Objective

To assess whether knowledge of asthmatic disease may be a protective factor against the risk of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in people with asthma over the age of 18 who receive inhaled treatment.

Method

Observational study of cases and controls in a population with asthma. One hundred and twenty-three people with asthma diagnosed with pneumonia were recruited according to clinical and radiological criteria (cases), and 246 people with asthma not diagnosed with pneumonia during the past year (controls), matched by age. The main study factor was the assessment of knowledge about asthmatic disease through an ad hoc questionnaire, with seven questions and two possible answers (known, unknown).

Results

The bivariate analysis shows that knowledge of asthmatic disease has a statistically significant association as a protective factor of CAP. In the multivariate analysis, it shows an association of knowledge of asthmatic disease as a protective factor of CAP (OR=.24), regardless of age, level of studies, functionality, and severity of asthma.

Conclusions

A good knowledge of asthmatic disease reduces the risk of CAP in asthmatic patients using inhaled treatment.

Keywords:

Asthma

Pneumonia

Compliance and adherence to treatment

Resumen

Objetivo

Evaluar si el conocimiento de la enfermedad asmática puede ser un factor protector frente al riesgo de neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) en las personas con asma mayores de 18 años que reciben tratamiento inhalado.

Método

Estudio observacional de casos y controles en población con asma. Se reclutaron 123 personas con asma diagnosticadas de neumonía por criterios clínicos y radiológicos (casos) y 246 personas con asma no diagnosticados de neumonía durante el último año (controles), apareados por edad. El principal factor de estudio fue la valoración del conocimiento sobre la enfermedad asmática mediante un cuestionario ad hoc, de 7 preguntas con 2 posibles respuestas (conoce, no conoce).

Resultados

El análisis bivariado muestra que el conocimiento de la enfermedad asmática tiene una asociación estadísticamente significativa como factor protector de NAC. En el análisis multivariante muestra una asociación del conocimiento de la enfermedad asmática como factor protector de NAC (OR=0,24), independientemente de la edad, nivel de estudios, funcionalidad y gravedad del asma.

Conclusiones

Un buen conocimiento de la enfermedad asmática permite reducir el riesgo de NAC en pacientes asmáticos con tratamiento inhalado.

Palabras clave:

Asma

Neumonía

Cumplimiento y adherencia al tratamiento