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Inicio Enfermería Clínica (English Edition) Functional trajectories of older acute medical inpatients
Journal Information
Vol. 30. Issue 4.
Pages 260-268 (July - August 2020)
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Vol. 30. Issue 4.
Pages 260-268 (July - August 2020)
Original article
Functional trajectories of older acute medical inpatients
Trayectorias funcionales en mayores ingresados por enfermedad aguda
Cecília Rodriguesa,b,c,
Corresponding author
ceciliarodrigue@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Denisa Mendonçad,e, Maria Manuela Martinsf,g
a Doutoramento em Ciências de Enfermagem, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
b Medicina C, Departamento de Medicina, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
c Gabinete de Governação Clínica, Departamento da Qualidade, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
d Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
e EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
f Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto, Porto, Portugal
g Grupo de Investigação NursID: Inovação e Desenvolvimento em Enfermagem – Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde (CINTESIS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Article information
Abstract
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Statistics
Figures (2)
Tables (4)
Table 1. Characteristics of patients (n=91).
Table 2. Relationship between age and BADL level.
Table 3. Relationship between age and Functional Decline.
Table 4. Relationship between age and Functional Decline.
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Abstract
Objectives

To describe the changes in basic activities of daily living (BADL) function before and during hospital admission in older patients admitted to an acute medical unit and to assess the effect of age on loss of BADL function.

Methods

Prospective observational study. The study included 91 patients aged 65 and older consecutively admitted to an acute medical unit of an urban public teaching hospital in Portugal, between May and September 2017. Functional status was measured at three times: at hospital admission; at about 2 weeks before hospital admission (baseline); an on the discharge day. The functional condition was evaluated using the Katz index. Differences in scores for BADL between baseline and admission, between admission and discharge, and between baseline and discharge were used to define pre-admission, in-hospital and overall functional decline.

Results

Pre-admission, in-hospital and overall functional decline occurred in 78.0%, 4.4% and 63.7% of the participants, respectively. In contrast, in-hospital functional improvement occurred in a minority of the patients (14.3%). Hospitalized older people are discharged with BADL function that is worse than their baseline function. The oldest patients are at high risk of poorer functional outcomes because they are less likely to recover BADL function lost before admission.

Conclusion

These results emphasize the overriding need for implementing in-hospital processes to prevent functional decline and enhance functional recovery. This study also highlights the need for nurses to closely monitor the functional status of hospitalized older people, particularly in oldest-old patients.

Keywords:
Basic activities of daily living
Functional decline
Older people
Hospitalization
Resumen
Objetivos

Describir los cambios en las actividades básicas de la vida diaria (ABVD) en los pacientes mayores de 65 años que ingresan por una patología aguda en una unidad médica de un hospital y evaluar el efecto de la edad en la pérdida de la función en las ABVD.

Métodos

Estudio observacional prospectivo. La muestra se realizó mediante selección consecutiva de pacientes de 65 o más años que ingresaron en una unidad médica de un hospital docente público urbano de Portugal entre mayo y septiembre del 2017 por una enfermedad aguda. El estado funcional se midió en: el ingreso; alrededor de 2 semanas antes del ingreso (línea de base), y el día del alta. Las diferencias en los puntajes de las ABVD se utilizaron para definir el deterioro funcional.

Resultados

El estudio incluyó a 91 pacientes. El deterioro funcional en la preadmisión y en el hospital, y el deterioro funcional global ocurrieron en el 78, el 4,4 y el 63,7% de los enfermos, respectivamente. En contraste, la mejoría funcional hospitalaria ocurrió en una minoría de los enfermos (14,3%). Las personas mayores hospitalizadas son dadas de alta con una pérdida de autonomía en las ABVD con respecto a la línea base. En los pacientes de edades más avanzadas existe un mayor riesgo de empeorar las ABVD y además tienen menos posibilidades de recuperación de las funciones de ABVD perdidas antes del ingreso.

Conclusión

Los resultados evidencian la necesidad de implementar procesos hospitalarios específicos para prevenir el deterioro funcional en el ingreso y mejorar la recuperación funcional.

Palabras clave:
Actividades básicas de la vida diaria
Declive funcional
Personas mayores
Hospitalización

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