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Enfermería Clínica (English Edition) Engagement and stress factors in nursing residents in Spain: a cross-sectional s...
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Vol. 36. Issue 3.
(May - June 2026)
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Vol. 36. Issue 3.
(May - June 2026)
Original Article

Engagement and stress factors in nursing residents in Spain: a cross-sectional study

Compromiso laboral y factores de estrés en residentes de enfermería en España: estudio transversal
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Anxela Soto-Rodrígueza,
Corresponding author
Anxela.soto.rodriguez@sergas.es

Corresponding author.
, Paula Fernández-Lopob, Nuria Martínez-Blancoa, Catarina Livana Fernández-Trabac, Noelia Freire-Gonzálezd, Raquel Leirós-Rodrígueze
a Enfermera Interna Residente de Enfermería Familiar y Comunitaria, Centro de Salud A Cuña- Mariñamansa (Ourense). Servicio Galego de Salud, Spain
b Enfermera Interna Residente de Enfermería Familiar y Comunitaria, Centro de Salud Canterac (Valladolid Este), Spain
c Médico Residente en Dermatología Médico-Quirúrgica y Venereología, Servicio de Dermatología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol, Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Spain
d Técnico de Cuidados Auxiliares de Enfermería, Complexo Hospitalario de Ourense, Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Spain
e Universidad de León, Campus Ponferrada, Spain
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Abstract
Objective

To describe stress factors and the level of commitment among residents of different nursing specialties.

Methodology

A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 395 nursing residents in Spain. Data collection was conducted using a Google Forms questionnaire between December 2024 and February 2025. Two instruments were used: the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale for Students (UWES-S) to measure the level of commitment and the KEZKAK questionnaire to identify stressors. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Pontevedra-Vigo-Ourense (code: 2025/039).

Results

High levels of stress were observed (M = 1,82/DE = 0,52), especially in women (women: M = 1,87/DE = 0,50; men: M = 1,53/DE = 0,60; p < 0.001), with overload, helplessness, and uncertainty being the main stressors. Commitment to learning was high, especially among Obstetrics-Gynecology residents (p = 0.006), first-year residents (p = 0.004), and residents with limited work experience (p = 0.016).

Conclusion

Despite high levels of stress, nursing residents maintained a medium-high professional commitment. These findings underscore the importance of implementing emotional support strategies and effective mentoring and programs, not only to protect residents' mental health but also to optimize their professional performance and ensure the quality of clinical care.

Keywords:
Nursing
Work commitment
Work stress
Psychological stressors
Internship and residency
Mental health
Burnout
Professional
Resumen
Objetivo

Describir los factores de estrés y el nivel de compromiso en los residentes de diferentes especialidades de Enfermería.

Metodología

Estudio descriptivo y transversal con 395 enfermeros residentes en España. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo mediante un cuestionario en Google Forms entre diciembre de 2024 y febrero de 2025. Se usaron dos instrumentos: el Utrecht Work Engagement Scale for Students (UWES-S) para medir el nivel de compromiso y el cuestionario KEZKAK para identificar factores estresores. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética de Investigación de Pontevedra-Vigo-Ourense (código: 2025/039).

Resultados

Se observó un alto nivel de estrés (M = 1,82/DE = 0,52), especialmente en mujeres (mujer: M = 1,87/DE = 0,50; hombre: M = 1,53/DE = 0,60; p < 0,001), siendo la sobrecarga y la impotencia e incertidumbre los principales estresores. El compromiso con el aprendizaje fue elevado, destacando en residentes de Obstétrico-Ginecológica (p = 0,006), de primer año (p = 0,004) y con poca experiencia laboral (p = 0,016).

Conclusión

A pesar del alto nivel de estrés, los residentes de enfermería mantienen un compromiso profesional medio-alto. Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de implementar estrategias de apoyo emocional y tutorías y programas efectivos, no solo para proteger la salud mental de los residentes, sino también para optimizar su desempeño profesional y garantizar la calidad de la atención clínica.

Palabras clave:
Enfermería
Compromiso laboral
Estrés laboral
Factores estresantes psicológicos
Internado y residencia
Salud mental
Agotamiento profesional

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