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Inicio Enfermería Clínica (English Edition) Dependency-related skin lesions in the prone critical patient. Incidence study
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Vol. 33. Issue 6.
Pages 424-431 (November - December 2023)
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Vol. 33. Issue 6.
Pages 424-431 (November - December 2023)
Original Article
Dependency-related skin lesions in the prone critical patient. Incidence study
Lesiones cutáneas relacionadas con la dependencia en el paciente crítico pronado. Estudio de incidencia
Josefa Valls-Matarín
Corresponding author
finavalls@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Rosa María Peradejordi-Torres, Mercedes del Cotillo-Fuente
Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
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Tables (2)
Table 1. Characteristics of the patient studied and comparison between groups.
Table 2. Categorisation of skin lesions related to dependency.
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Abstract
Objective

To determine the incidence of dependence-related skin lesions (DRSL) in patients in prone position (PP) and to identify the predisposing factors.

Method

Follow-up study in two polyvalent intensive care units. Patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation and PP with no skin lesions on admission were included. We recorded the 3 types of DRSL: (pressure ulcers [PU], moisture-associated skin damage [MASD] and friction injuries [FI]), demographic variables, diagnosis, length of stay, PP episodes, postural changes, APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Disease Classification System), prealbumin level on admission, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, hypertension, smoking, peripheral vascular disease (PVD), vasoactive drugs, Braden scale and mortality. Bivariate analysis: chi-square test, t-test or Mann–Whitney U test. Multivariate analysis: logistic regression.

Results

Forty nine patients were included and 170PP were performed.Forty-one DRSL appeared in 22 patients with a cumulative incidence of 44.9% (95%CI: 31.6–58.7). PU accounted for 63.4% (73.1% facial; 76.9% stage II), 12.2% were MASD (60% inguinal; 60% stage II) and 24.4% were FI (50% thoracic; 70% stage III).

The median age of the lesion group (LG) was 66.5 [61.8−71.3] vs. 64 [43−71] years old in the non-lesion group (NLG), p=0.04. Eighty percent of the LG had PVD vs. 20% of the NLG, p=0.03. The median total hours on PP of the LG was 96.9 [56.1−149.4] vs. 38.2 [18.8−57] of the NIG, p<0.001. Multivariate analysis selected total PP hours (OR=1.03; 95%CI:1.01–1.05) and PVD (OR=8.9; 95%CI:1.3–58.9) as predisposing factors for developing DRSL.

Conclusions

There is a high incidence of skin lesions related to prone decubitus dependence, mostly pressure lesions, although of low severity.The accumulated hours in probe position and peripheral vascular disease favor their development.

Keywords:
Prone position
Critical care
Pressure ulcer
Moisture lesion
Friction injury
Intertrigo
Incidence
Resumen
Objetivo

Determinar la incidencia de lesiones cutáneas relacionadas con la dependencia (LCRD) en pacientes en decúbito prono (DP) e identificar los factores predisponentes.

Método

Estudio descriptivo-longitudinal en dos unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI) polivalentes. Se incluyeron pacientes con ventilación mecánica invasiva y DP, sin lesiones al ingreso. Se registraron 3 tipos de LCRD: (lesiones por presión [LPP], lesiones cutáneas asociadas a la humedad [LESCAH] y lesiones por fricción [LF]), variables demográficas, diagnóstico, estancia, episodios en DP, cambios posturales, APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Disease Classification System), prealbúmina al ingreso, índice de masa corporal (IMC), diabetes, hipertensión arterial, tabaquismo, enfermedad vascular periférica (EVP), drogas vasoactivas, escala Braden y mortalidad. Análisis bivariante: prueba de χ2, t-Student o U de Mann–Whitney. Multivariante: regresión logística.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 49 pacientes. Se realizaron 170 DP. Aparecieron 41 LCRD en 22 pacientes con una incidencia acumulada de 44,9% (IC95%:31,6–58,7). El 63,4% LPP (73,1% faciales;76,9% categoría II), el 12,2% LESCAH (60% inguinales; 60% categoría II) y el 24,4% LF (50% torácicas; 70% categoría III). La mediana de edad del grupo con lesiones (GCL) fue de 66,5 [61,8–71,3] frente al 64 [43−71] años del grupo sin lesiones(GSL), p=0,04. El 80% del GCL tenía EVP frente al 20% del GSL, p=0,03. La mediana de horas totales en DP del GCL fue 96,9 [56,1–149,4] frente a 38,2 [18,8–57] del GSL, p<0,001. El análisis multivariante seleccionó horas totales DP (OR=1,03; IC95%:1,01−1,05) y la EVP (OR=8,9; IC95%:1,3–58,9) como factores predisponentes para desarrollar LCRD.

Conclusiones

Existe una elevada incidencia de lesiones cutáneas relacionadas con la dependencia en decúbito prono, mayoritariamente lesiones por presión, aunque de baja severidad. Las horas acumuladas en decúbito prono y la enfermedad vascular periférica favorecen su desarrollo.

Palabras clave:
Decúbito prono
Cuidados críticos
Úlcera por presión
Lesión por humedad
Lesión por fricción
Intertrigo
Incidencia

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