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Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica (English Edition) Suspected allergy to amoxicillin in pediatric emergency departments: low diagnos...
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633
Vol. 44. Issue 3.
(March 2026)
Original article

Suspected allergy to amoxicillin in pediatric emergency departments: low diagnostic confirmation and high rate of inappropriate antibiotic changes

Sospecha de alergia a amoxicilina en urgencias pediátricas: baja confirmación diagnóstica y elevada tasa de cambios antibióticos inapropiados
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633
Iciar Echavarren Churrucaa, Gabriela Milagros Acuña Vilab, Carmen Gómez Traseirab, Begoña de Miguel Lavisierc, Miguel Ángel Molina Gutiérrezc,
Corresponding author
a Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
b Servicio de Alergología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
c Departamento de Urgencias Pediátricas, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

Reactions to β-lactam antibiotics account for up to 80% of pediatric consultations for suspected drug allergy. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of children evaluated in the emergency department for suspected allergy to amoxicillin or amoxicillin–clavulanate.

Materials and methods

We conducted a descriptive, retrospective study in a tertiary hospital (January 2019–May 2024), including patients ≤16 years with a diagnosis of suspected allergy to these antibiotics.

Results

Eighty-two cases were analysed; 93.9% presented with cutaneous lesions and none showed hemodynamic instability. Two patients received intramuscular epinephrine for immediate reactions consistent with mild anaphylaxis. Antibiotic treatment was discontinued in 95.1% of cases, and 54.7% of the substitutions were considered inappropriate. A total of 69.5% were referred to Allergy, and only seven patients (12.3%) were confirmed to have true amoxicillin allergy.

Conclusions

Suspected amoxicillin allergy in pediatric emergency care generally has a favourable prognosis. The low diagnostic confirmation rate and frequent inappropriate antibiotic changes highlight the need to improve adherence to clinical guidelines.

Keywords:
Pediatrics
Amoxicillin
β-lactam antibiotics
Drug allergy
Emergency department
Skin reactions
Resumen
Introducción

Las reacciones a antibióticos β-lactámicos representan hasta el 80% de las consultas pediátricas por sospecha de alergia medicamentosa. El objetivo fue describir las características de los niños atendidos en urgencias por sospecha de alergia a amoxicilina o amoxicilina-clavulánico.

Material y métodos

Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo realizado en un hospital terciario (enero 2019–mayo 2024), incluyendo pacientes ≤16 años con diagnóstico de sospecha de alergia a estos antibióticos.

Resultados

Se analizaron 82 casos; el 93,9% presentó lesiones cutáneas y ninguno mostró inestabilidad hemodinámica. Dos pacientes recibieron adrenalina por reacciones inmediatas compatibles con anafilaxia no grave. En el 95,1% se indicó suspender el antibiótico y el 54,7% de los cambios fueron inadecuados. El 69,5% fue derivado a Alergología y solo 7 pacientes (12,3%) confirmaron alergia verdadera.

Conclusiones

La sospecha de alergia a amoxicilina en urgencias pediátricas suele tener buen pronóstico. La baja tasa de confirmación y la frecuencia de cambios antibióticos inapropiados subrayan la necesidad de mejorar la adherencia a las guías clínicas.

Palabras clave:
Pediatría
Amoxicilina
Antibióticos β-lactámicos
Alergia a medicamentos
Urgencias
Reacciones cutáneas

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