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Available online 12 January 2024
Pediatric mucormycosis associated with COVID-19: A systematic review of clinical cases
Mucormicosis pediátrica asociada con COVID-19: una revisión sistemática de casos clínicos
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Laura Batista Amarala, Fabianne Carlesseb,c, Luana Rossatoa,
Corresponding author
luanarossato@ufgd.edu.br

Corresponding author.
a Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados-UFGD, Brazil
b Oncology Pediatric Institute (IOP-GRAACC), Brazil
c Department of Pediatrics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Table 1. Pediatric mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients.
Table 2. Summary of microbiological and clinical aspects of pediatric mucormycosis associated with COVID-19.
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Abstract

The occurrence of mucormycosis has been observed in individuals with COVID-19. However, there is limited information on the epidemiological factors, presentation, diagnostic certainty, and outcome of this infection in children. PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, LitCovid, and back-references of the identified manuscripts were systematically searched from December 2019 to March 2023. We have identified 14 cases of pediatric mucormycosis in patients with COVID-19. The median age of patients was 10.7 years. Among these cases, 10 were associated with active COVID-19. In 7 cases, the patients had pre-existing diabetes mellitus and concomitant diabetic ketoacidosis. Corticosteroids were administered to treat COVID-19 in 7 of the patients. The most common clinical presentation of the disease was rhino-orbital cerebral mucormycosis. Seven patients died (50%). Given the high mortality rate, clinicians should maintain a high level of clinical suspicion of mucormycosis in pediatric patients with COVID-19.

Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2
Mucorales
Children
Diabetes mellitus
Pandemic
Resumen

La emergencia de mucormicosis se ha observado en personas con COVID-19. Sin embargo, la información sobre los factores epidemiológicos, la presentación, la certeza diagnóstica y el resultado de esta infección en niños es limitada. Se realizaron búsquedas sistemáticas en Pubmed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, LitCovid y referencias bibliográficas de los manuscritos identificados desde diciembre de 2019 hasta marzo de 2023. Se identificaron 14 casos de mucormicosis pediátrica en pacientes con COVID-19. La edad mediana de los pacientes fue de 10,7 años. De estos casos, 10 estaban asociados con COVID-19 activo. En 7 casos, los pacientes tenían diabetes mellitus preexistente y cetoacidosis diabética concomitante. Se administraron corticosteroides para tratar el COVID-19 en 7 de los casos. La presentación clínica más común de la enfermedad fue la mucormicosis rino-órbito-cerebral. Siete pacientes fallecieron (50%). Dada la alta tasa de mortalidad, es necesario mantener un alto nivel de sospecha clínica de mucormicosis en los pacientes pediátricos con COVID-19.

Palabras clave:
SARS-CoV-2
Mucorales
Niños
Diabetes mellitus
Pandemia

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