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Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica (English Edition) Detection of undiagnosed STIs in patients with suspected UTI using pooled urine ...
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Brief report

Detection of undiagnosed STIs in patients with suspected UTI using pooled urine PCR screening

Detección de ITS no diagnosticadas en pacientes con sospecha de ITU mediante cribado de orinas agrupadas por PCR
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Pablo Gila, Katherine Villarruela, Javier Guillema, Silvia Hernándeza, David Navarroa,b,c, Eliseo Alberta,
Corresponding author
eliseo.al.vi@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
a Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
b Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain
c Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain a major global public health concern, with a high proportion of asymptomatic cases. Undiagnosed infections may lead to significant clinical, economic, and epidemiological consequences. Patients with sterile pyuria and suspected urinary tract infection (UTI) represent a relevant target population for STI screening.

Methods

We evaluated the real-world performance of a targeted STI screening strategy based on urine sample pooling in patients with suspected UTI, genitourinary symptoms, leukocyturia, and negative urine culture.

Results

Over a 15-month period, 2019 urine samples were analysed using pooled PCR testing, identifying 212 STI-positive patients (10.5%). Chlamydia trachomatis was the most prevalent pathogen, followed by Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Pooling did not compromise analytical sensitivity, with comparable cycle threshold values between pooled and individual samples.

Conclusions

Pooled PCR screening reduced testing volume while preserving diagnostic yield, supporting its use as an efficient and potentially cost-effective strategy for STI-screening.

Keywords:
Sexually transmitted infections
Urinary tract infection
Pooling strategy
STI screening
Leukocyturia
Resumen
Introducción

Las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) constituyen un problema de salud pública, con una elevada proporción de casos asintomáticos. Los pacientes con piuria estéril y sospecha de infección del tracto urinario (ITU) representan una población diana útil para el cribado de ITS.

Métodos

Se evaluó el rendimiento en práctica clínica real de una estrategia dirigida de cribado de ITS basada en el pooling de muestras de orina en pacientes con sospecha de ITU, síntomas genitourinarios, leucocituria y urinocultivo negativo.

Resultados

Durante 15 meses se analizaron 2019 muestras mediante PCR en pools, identificándose 212 pacientes positivos (10,5%). Chlamydia trachomatis fue el patógeno más frecuente, seguido de Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma genitalium y Neisseria gonorrhoeae. El pooling no comprometió la sensibilidad analítica, (Ct comparables entre muestras agrupadas e individuales).

Conclusiones

El cribado mediante PCR en pools optimiza el rendimiento diagnóstico, constituyendo una estrategia eficiente y potencialmente coste-efectiva para el cribado de ITS.

Palabras clave:
Infección de transmisión sexual
Infección del tracto urinario
Estrategia de pooling
Cribado de ITS
Leucocituria

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