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Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica (English Edition) Cryptosporidiosis outbreak associated with recreational water exposure in a cent...
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Vol. 44. Issue 6.
(June - July 2026)
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Vol. 44. Issue 6.
(June - July 2026)
Brief report

Cryptosporidiosis outbreak associated with recreational water exposure in a central park

Brote de criptosporidiosis asociado a aguas recreativas de un parque central
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Altea Martínez Garcíaa,
Corresponding author
martinez_altgar@gva.es

Corresponding author.
, Diana Nuevo Silvaa, Macarena Pariente Martína, Elena María Garijo Planoa, Patricia Sevilla Araquea, Juan J. Camarena Miñanaa,b
a Servicio de Microbiología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
b Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

Cryptosporidiosis is a gastrointestinal disease transmitted via the faecal-oral route, associated with waterborne outbreaks, particularly in summer. In 2023, an unusual increase in cases was detected in Spain, with particular impact in the Valencian Community.

Methods

A retrospective descriptive study (June-November 2023) was conducted in the Valencia-Doctor Peset Health Department (population 288,583), including cases with Cryptosporidium detection in stool samples by modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining and/or immunochromatographic testing.

Results

A total of 163 confirmed cases were identified (cumulative incidence 56.5/100,000), compared with 3 during the same period in 2022; 93.9% (95% CI: 89.3−96.8) were under 11 years of age. The outbreak, declared by Public Health authorities, was linked to ornamental water features in an urban public park, which was temporarily closed. Diarrhoea (median duration 4 days) was the predominant symptom; 5 patients were immunocompromised, 3 required hospitalisation, and no deaths were recorded.

Conclusions

Early identification of the source enabled effective outbreak control.

Keywords:
Cryptosporidium
Cryptosporidiosis
Waterborne outbreak
Paediatrics
Epidemiology
Resumen
Introducción

La criptosporidiosis es una enfermedad gastrointestinal de transmisión fecal-oral, asociada a brotes hídricos, especialmente en verano. En 2023 se detectó un incremento inusual de casos en España, con especial afectación en la Comunidad Valenciana.

Métodos

Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo (junio-noviembre de 2023) en el Departamento de Salud Valencia-Doctor Peset (población 288.583 habitantes) incluyendo casos con detección de Cryptosporidium en heces mediante tinción modificada de Ziehl-Neelsen y/o test inmunocromatográfico.

Resultados

Se identificaron 163 casos confirmados (incidencia acumulada de 56,5/100.000), frente a 3 en el mismo periodo de 2022; el 93,9% (IC 95%: 89,3–96,8) fueron menores de 11 años. El brote, declarado por Salud Pública, se asoció a láminas de agua ornamentales de un parque público urbano, que se cerró temporalmente. La diarrea (duración mediana de 4 días) fue el síntoma predominante; 5 pacientes eran inmunodeprimidos, hubo 3 hospitalizaciones y ningún fallecimiento.

Conclusiones

La identificación precoz del foco permitió su control.

Palabras clave:
Cryptosporidium
Criptosporidiosis
Brote hídrico
Pediatría
Epidemiología

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