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Vol. 54. Issue S2.
Tratamiento con insulina: alternativas terapéuticas y su optimización
Pages 30-34 (February 2007)
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Vol. 54. Issue S2.
Tratamiento con insulina: alternativas terapéuticas y su optimización
Pages 30-34 (February 2007)
I curso sénior de nutrición de la SEEN
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Tratamiento nutricional del paciente con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal
Nutritional treatment in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
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D.A. de Luisa,
Corresponding author
dadluis@yahoo.es

Correspondencia: Dr. D.A. de Luis Román. Instituto de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Perales, 16. 47130 Simancas. Valladolid. España.
, D. Bellidob, R. Allera
a Instituto de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Facultad de Medicina. Unidad de Apoyo a la Investigación. Hospital Universitario del Río Hortega. Valladolid. España
b Hospital Arquitecto Marcide. Ferrol. A Coruña. España
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Teniendo en cuenta la multitud de factores que pueden estar implicados en la mala situación nutricional de estos pacientes y su elevada prevalencia, la ASPEN (Asociación Americana de Nutrición Parenteral y Enteral) establece, con un grado de recomendación B, que se debería realizar un cribado nutricional a todos los pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII). En primer lugar, tenemos que pensar que no existe una única dieta oral para el paciente con EII, e incluso puede ser necesario utilizar soporte artificial. Para pacientes con EII en los que esté indicado el soporte nutricional avanzado, se debería utilizar la nutrición enteral (NE) de elección, y la nutrición parenteral en los pacientes con contraindicación absoluta de NE o que no la toleren. Con respecto a la fórmula a utilizar, no hay diferencias entre las dietas elementales y las poliméricas; (61% frente 65% respectivamente). Las dietas poliméricas convencionales, con un contenido bajo en sacarosa y sin lactosa, deberían ser empleadas de primera elección en estos pacientes. Se ha planteado la posibilidad de utilizar la NE como tratamiento primario; los metaanálisis en la enfermedad de Crohn muestran una tasa de remisión con esteroides del 80% frente a una tasa de remisión de la NE del 60%; sin embargo, hay mejora en la tasa de remisión en los pacientes con NE (superior al 20%) frente a placebo.

En estos momentos hay resultados prometedores al añadir probióticos o fibra o modificando la cantidad y la calidad de las grasas de estas dietas.

Palabras clave:
Colitis ulcerosa
Enfermedad de Cröhn
Nutrición enteral
Nutrición parenteral

Because of the multiplicity of factors that can be involved in poor nutritional status in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the American Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) has established (level B recommendation) that nutritional screening should be performed in all patients with this disorder. There is no single diet for these patients and artificial nutritional support may sometimes be required. For IBD patients requiring advanced nutritional support, the treatment of choice is enteral nutrition (EN), while parenteral nutrition (PN) should be reserved for patients with an absolute contraindication or intolerance to EN. There are no differences between elemental and non-elemental formulas; polymeric and oligomeric formulas produce the same rate of remision (61% and 65%, respectively). Polymeric diets, with low sucrose content and without lactose, should be used as a first step in IBD patients. Some investigators have used EN as a primary treatment. However, meta-analyses in Crohn's disease have shown a remission rate of 80% with steroids compared with a remission rate of 60% with EN; however, a higher remission rate has been observed in patients with EN (more than 20%) versus placebo. The addition of probiotics or fiber and modification of the quantity and quality of fats in these diets have shown promising results.

Key words:
Ulcerative colitis
Crohn's disease
Enteral nutrition
Parenteral nutrition
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Copyright © 2007. Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición
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