Buscar en
Endocrinología y Nutrición
Toda la web
Inicio Endocrinología y Nutrición Tratamiento farmacológico de la dislipemia en la diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Journal Information
Vol. 55. Issue S2.
Guía de actualización en el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2 y sus complicaciones
Pages 78-82 (March 2008)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 55. Issue S2.
Guía de actualización en el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2 y sus complicaciones
Pages 78-82 (March 2008)
Guía de actualización en el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2 y sus complicaciones
Full text access
Tratamiento farmacológico de la dislipemia en la diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Drug treatment of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Visits
2594
J.T. Real, R. Carmena
Corresponding author
carmena@uv.es

Corresponding: Prof. R. Carmena. Departamento de Medicina. Universidad de Valencia. Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 15. 46010 Valencia. España.
Servicio De Endocrinología Y Nutrición. Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia. Valencia. España
This item has received
Article information

La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 conlleva un elevado riesgo cardiovascular. Un componente significativo de este riesgo puede atribuirse a la dislipemia diabética, un agrupamiento de anomalías de los lípidos y las lipoproteínas en el plasma íntimamente relacionadas. Sus principales características son hipertrigliceridemia, descenso del colesterol ligado a lipoproteínas de alta densidad (cHDL) y aumento de las lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL) pequeñas y densas. Estas alteraciones se conocen también como la tríada aterogénica. Otros componentes son la elevación de la apolipoproteína (apo) B, la prolongación de la lipemia posprandial y el aumento de las partículas remanentes, ricas en triglicéridos. En los últimos años, numerosos estudios prospectivos han demostrado los beneficios de las estatinas para mejorar el perfil lipídico de la dislipemia diabética y también para reducir el riesgo cardiovascular de estos pacientes. Las estatinas se consideran el tratamiento fundamental y básico de la dislipemia diabética. Los fibratos pueden usarse en algunos grupos reducidos de pacientes y, generalmente, siempre en combinación con las estatinas. Estudios futuros con nuevos fármacos hipolipemiantes y antidiabéticos permitirán un tratamiento más eficaz de la dislipemia diabética.

Palabras clave:
Dislipemia diabética
Tríada aterogénica
Estatinas y dislipemia diabética

Type 2 diabetes carries an elevated cardiovascular risk. A significant component of this risk can be attributed to diabetic dyslipidemia, a cluster of plasma lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities that are metabolically interrelated. The main characteristics of diabetic dyslipidemia are elevated triglycerides, lowered high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and raised small, dense low-density lipoproteins (LDL). These alterations are also known as the “atherogenic lipid triad”. Other components of the atherogenic lipid profile are elevated apo B levels, prolonged postprandial lipemia and accumulation of triglyceride-rich remnant particles in the circulation. In the last few years, several prospective trials have proven the effectiveness of statins in improving diabetic dyslipidemia and in reducing cardiovascular risk. These drugs are therefore considered the initial drug of choice for diabetic dyslipidemia. Fibrates can be used in a subset of patients, mostly in combination with statins. Future trials with new lipid-lowering and antidiabetic agents will hopefully allow more targeted treatment of lipid disorders and postprandial lipemia in type 2 diabetics.

Key words:
Diabetic dyslipidemia
Atherogenic lipid triad
Statins in diabetic dyslipidemia
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
P.Z. Zimmet, K.G.M.M. Alberti.
The changing face of macrovascular disease in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: an epidemic in progress.
Lancet, 350 (1997), pp. 1-4
[2.]
Z.T. Bloomgarden.
Perspectives on the news. Approaches to cardiovascular disease and its treatment.
Diabetes Care, 26 (2003), pp. 3342-3348
[3.]
K. Pyorala, T.R. Pedersen, J. Kjekshus, O. Faergeman, A.G. Olsson, G. Thorgeirsson.
Cholesterol lowering with simvastatin improves prognosis of diabetic patients with coronary heart disease. A subgroup analysis of the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S).
Diabetes Care, 20 (1997), pp. 614-620
[4.]
S.M. Haffner, C.M. Alexander, T.J. Cook, S.J. Boccuzzi, T.A. Musliner, T.R. Pedersen, et al.
Reduced coronary events in simvastatin-treated patients with coronary heart disease and diabetes or impaired fasting glucose levels. Subgroup analysis in the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study.
Arch Intern Med, 159 (1999), pp. 2661-2667
[5.]
W.H. Herman, C.M. Alexander, J.R. Cook, S.J. Boccuzzi, T.A. Musliner, T.R. Pedersen, et al.
Effect of simvastatin treatment on cardiovascular resource utilization in impaired fasting glucose and diabetes. Findings from the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study.
Diabetes Care, 22 (1999), pp. 1771-1778
[6.]
Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group.
MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5,963 people with diabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial.
Lancet, 361 (2003), pp. 2005-2016
[7.]
P.W. Serruys, P. De Feyter, C. Macaya, N. Kokott, J. Puel, M. Vrolix, et al.
Lescol Intervention Prevention Study (LIPS) Investigators: fluvastatin for the prevention of cardiac events following successful first percutaneous coronary intervention. A randomised controlled trial.
JAMA, 287 (2002), pp. 3215-3222
[8.]
H.M. Colhoun, M.J. Thomason, M.I. Mackness, S.M. Maton, D.J. Betteridge, P.N. Durrington, et al.
Design of the collaborative atorvastatin diabetes study (CARDS) in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Diabet Med, 19 (2002), pp. 201-211
[9.]
J. Shepherd, P. Barter, R. Carmena, P. Deedwania, J.C. Fruchart, S. Haffner, For the Treating to New Targets Investigators, et al.
Effect of lowering LDL cholesterol substantially below currently recommended levels in patients with coronary heart disease and diabetes. The Treating to New Targets (TNT) study.
Diabetes Care, 29 (2006), pp. 1220-1226
[10.]
R. Collins, J. Armitage, S. Parish, P. Sleigh, R. Peto, For the Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group.
MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial.
Lancet, 361 (2003), pp. 2005-2016
[11.]
F.M. Sacks, M.A. Pfeffer, L.A. Moye, J.L. Rouleau, J.D. Rutherford, T.G. Cole, et al.
The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Cholesterol and Recurrent Events Trial investigators.
N Engl J Med, 335 (1996), pp. 1001-1009
[12.]
P. Linsel-Nitschke, A.R. Tall.
HDL as a target in the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 4 (2005), pp. 193-205
[13.]
H. Duez, J. Fruchart, B. Staels.
PPARs in inflammation, atherosclerosis and thrombosis.
J Cardiovascular Risk, 8 (2001), pp. 187-194
[14.]
M.H. Frick, O. Elo, K. Haapa, O.P. Heinonen, P. Heinsalmi, P. Helo, et al.
The Helsinki Heart Study: a primary prevention trial with gemfibrozil in middle-aged men with dyslipidaemia. Safety of treatment, changes in risk factors and incidence of coronary heart disease.
N Engl J Med, 317 (1987), pp. 1237-1245
[15.]
P. Koskinen, M. Manttari, V. Manninen, J.K. Huttunen, O.P. Heinonen, M.H. Frick.
Coronary heart disease incidence in NIDDM patients in the Helsinki Heart Study.
Diabetes Care, 15 (1992), pp. 820-825
[16.]
H.B. Rubins, S.J. Robins, D. Collins, C.L. Fye, J.W. Anderson, M.B. Elam, et al.
Gemfibrozil for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in men with low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol.
N Engl J Med, 241 (1999), pp. 410-418
[17.]
H.B. Rubins, S.J. Robins, D. Collins, D.B. Nelson, M.B. Elam, E.J. Schaefer, et al.
Diabetes, plasma insulin and cardiovascular disease. Subgroup analysis from the Department of Veterans Affairs High Density Lipoprotein Intervention Trial (VA-HIT).
Arch Intern Med, 162 (2002), pp. 2597-2604
[18.]
M.R. Taskinen.
Should we dismiss fibrates for the treatment of diabetic dyslipidemia?.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis, 16 (2006), pp. 509-512
[19.]
A. Keech, R.J. Simes, P. Barter, J. Best, R. Scout, M.R. Taskinen, For the FIELD study investigators.
Effects of long-term fenofibrate therapy on cardiovascular events in 9795 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the FIELD study): randomized controlled trial.
Lancet, 366 (2005), pp. 1849-1861
[20.]
M. Adiels, S.O. Olofsson, M.R. Taskinen, J. Borén.
Diabetic dyslipidemia.
Curr Opin Lipidol, 17 (2006), pp. 238-246
[21.]
V.G. Athyros, A.A. Papageorgiou, V.V. Athyrou, D.S. Demitriadis, A.G. Kontopoulos.
Atorvastatin and micronized fenofibrate alone and in combination in type 2 diabetes with combined hyperlipidaemia.
Diabetes Care, 25 (2002), pp. 1198-1202
[22.]
J. Pan, M. Lin, R. Kesala, J. Van, M. Charles.
Niacin treatment of the atherogenic lipid profile and Lp(a) in diabetes.
Diabet Obes Metabol, 4 (2002), pp. 255-261
[23.]
A. Garg, S.M. Grundy.
Nicotinic acid as therapy for dyslipidaemia in non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
JAMA, 264 (1990), pp. 723-726
[24.]
M.B. Elam, D.B. Hunninghake, K.B. Davis, R. Garg, C. Johnson, D. Egan, et al.
Effect of niacin on lipid and lipoprotein levels and glycaemic control in patients with diabetes and peripheral arterial disease. The ADMIT study: a randomised trial.
JAMA, 284 (2000), pp. 1263-1270
[25.]
S.M. Grundy, G.L. Vega, M.E. McGovern, B.R. Tulloch, D.M. Kendall, D. Fitz Patrick, et al.
Diabetes Multicenter Research Group. Efficacy, safety and tolerability of once daily niacin for the treatment of dyslipidaemia associated with type 2 diabetes; results of the assessment of diabetes control and evaluation of the efficacy of Niaspan trial.
Arch Intern Med, 162 (2002), pp. 1568-1576
[26.]
J.T. Van, J. Pan, T. Wasty, E. Chan, X. Wu, M.A. Charles.
Comparison of extended-release niacin and atorvastatin monotherapies and combination treatment of the atherogenic lipid profile in diabetes mellitus.
Am J Cardiol, 89 (2002), pp. 1306-1308
[27.]
B.G. Brown, X.Q. Zhao, A. Chait, L.D. Fisher, M.C. Cheung, J.S. Morse, et al.
Simvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease.
N Engl J Med, 345 (2001), pp. 1583-1592
[28.]
E. Stein.
Results of phase I/II clinical trials with ezetimibe, a novel selective cholesterol absorption inhibitor.
Eur Heart J, 3 (2001), pp. 11-16
[29.]
International Arteriosclerosis Society. Harmonized guidelines on prevention of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Disponible en: http://www. athero.org
[30.]
National Institutes of Health.
Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report.
Circulation, 106 (2002), pp. 3143-3421
[31.]
S.M. Grundy, I.J. Benjamin, G.L. Burke, A. Chait, R.H. Eckel, B.V. Howard, et al.
Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association.
Circulation, 100 (1999), pp. 1134-1146
[32.]
S.M. Haffner.
Management of dyslipidemia in adults with diabetes.
Diabetes Care, 26 (2003), pp. S83-S86
[33.]
American Diabetes Association Position statement.
Dyslipidemia management in adults with diabetes.
Diabetes Care, 27 (2004), pp. S68-S71
Copyright © 2008. Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición
Article options
Tools
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos