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La exposición humana a compuestos químicos que interfieren con la homeostasis hormonal es bien conocida, a pesar de que la evidencia sea muy desigual para los distintos sistemas hormonales. Mientras que la disrupción endocrina de los esteroides (estrógenos y andrógenos) ha merecido gran atención, la de la homeostasis de las hormonas tiroideas está mal entendida, si se exceptúa lo que se refiere a la captación de yodo. La lista de disruptores endocrinos que interfieren con la síntesis, la circulación, la unión a receptores específicos, el metabolismo y la degradación de las hormonas tiroideas crece día a día. A los bifenilos policlorados (PCB), las dioxinas y los furanos, se unen ahora los compuestos bromados retardadores de la llama, los bisfenoles y los ftalatos. Cambios sutiles en las concentraciones de las hormonas tiroideas pueden ocasionar efectos adversos en períodos esenciales del desarrollo, de tal manera que se empieza a ver los efectos de tal exposición ahora, una vez que los mecanismos que ligan hormonas tiroideas y neurodesarrollo son cada vez más evidentes.
Palabras clave:
Disrupción endocrina
Compuestos químicos ambientales
Exposición humana
Human exposure to environmental chemicals that disrupt endocrine homeostasis has been related to several hormone systems. Sex hormones (estrogens and androgens) have received special attention, but thyroid hormone disruption is not so well known except in the special case of iodine intake deficiency. The list of chemicals that alter synthesis, circulation, binding to specific receptors, metabolism and degradation of thyroid hormones increases daily. Brominated flame retardants, bisphenols and phthalates are now included alongside polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins and furans. Subtle changes in circulating thyroid hormones may have undesirable effects during development. As our understanding of the role of thyroid hormones in neurodevelopment improves, exposure to environmental thyroid disruptors becomes a matter of increasing concern.
Key words:
Endocrine disruption
Environmental chemicals
Human exposure
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