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Vol. 55. Issue S2.
Guía de actualización en el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2 y sus complicaciones
Pages 73-77 (March 2008)
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Vol. 55. Issue S2.
Guía de actualización en el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2 y sus complicaciones
Pages 73-77 (March 2008)
Guía de actualización en el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2 y sus complicaciones
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Novedades en terapia hipoglucemiante. Fármacos con acción incretina
Advances in glucose-lowering therapy. drugs that enhance incretin action
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M. González boillosa, V. Perega, B. Burgueraa,b,
Corresponding author
bburguera@hsd.es

Correspondencia: Dr. B. Burguera. Unidad de Investigación. Servicio de Endocrinología. Hospital Universitario Son Dureta. Andrea Doria, 55. 07014 Palma de Mallorca. España.
a Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Universitario Son Dureta. Palma de Mallorca. España
b Unidad de Investigación. Hospital Universitario Son Dureta. Palma de Mallorca. España
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Las hormonas incretinas son péptidos liberados en el tracto gastrointestinal en respuesta a la ingesta de nutrientes, que potencian la liberación de insulina y ayudan en el mantenimiento homeostático de la glucemia.

El concepto de esta acción incretina se basó en la observación de que la respuesta secretora de insulina a la administración oral de glucosa era superior a la respuesta a cantidades equivalentes de glucosa administrada intravenosa. El efecto incretina se estima que es responsable de hasta el 70% de la secreción de insulina en respuesta a la glucosa oral y es causado principalmente por 2 hormonas intestinales: glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) y glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP).

En la diabetes tipo 2, además del efecto deficiente de las incretinas, también se ha encontrado una alteración en la secreción de GLP-1. La administración exógena de GLP-1 ayuda a la normalización de la glucemia tanto basal como posprandial; sin embargo, el GLP-1 es rápidamente degradado por la enzima dipeptidil peptidasa (DPP-IV). Esta circunstancia ha llevado al desarrollo de fármacos análogos de GLP-1, con mayor resistencia a la degradación enzimática o a fármacos inhibidores de DPP-IV. El mecanismo por el cual las incretinas causan su efecto regulador sobre la homeostasis energética es en parte todavía desconocido y es actualmente un área de intensa investigación.

Palabras clave:
Gastric inhibitory polipeptide (GIP)
Glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1)
Efecto incretina
Diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Enzima dipeptidil peptidasa (DPP-IV)

The incretin hormones are peptides released in the gastrointestinal tract in response to nutrient ingestion. These hormones enhance insulin release and help to maintain glycemic homeostasis. The concept of incretin action was based on the observation that the secretory response of insulin to oral glucose administration is greater than that to equivalent quantities of intravenous glucose. The incretin effect is estimated to be responsible for up to 70% of insulin secretion in response to oral glucose and is mainly caused by two gastrointestinal hormones: glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) y glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP). In type 2 diabetes, in addition to a deficiency in incretin-mediated insulin secretion, alterations in GLP-1 secretion have also been found. Exogenous GLP-1 secretion helps to restore normal levels of both basal and postprandial blood glucose. However, GLP-1 is rapidly degraded by the dipeptidyl peptidase enzyme (DPP-IV). This phenomenon has led to the development of GLP-1 analogs, which are more resistant to enzyme degradation or DPP-IV inhibitors. The mechanism through which the incretin hormones exert their regulatory effect on energy homeostasis remains unknown and is currently the subject of intense research.

Key words:
Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP)
Glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1)
Incretin effect
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Dipeptidyl peptidase enzyme (DPP-IV)
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Copyright © 2008. Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición
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