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Vol. 55. Issue S2.
Guía de actualización en el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2 y sus complicaciones
Pages 13-16 (March 2008)
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Vol. 55. Issue S2.
Guía de actualización en el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2 y sus complicaciones
Pages 13-16 (March 2008)
Guía de actualización en el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2 y sus complicaciones
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Inhibidores de las disacaridasas
Disaccharide inhibitors
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R. Gomis
Corresponding author
rgomis@clinic.ub.es

Correspondencia: Dr. R. Gomis. Servicio de Endocrinología. Hospital Clínic. Villarroel, 170. 08036 Barcelona. España.
Servicio de Endocrinología. Hospital Clínic. Barcelona. España
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La acarbosa es el inhibidor de las alfaglucosidasas más conocido en el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2. Al inhibir estas enzimas, se logra retardar la hidrólisis de los hidratos de carbono de cadena larga y con ello se alcanza una reducción de los picos posprandiales de glucosa. Este efecto provoca una reducción de las cifras de hemoglobina glucada entre un 0,7-1%. No produce episodios de hipoglucemia. Los efectos secundarios más destacados son flatulencia, meteorismo y, en casos esporádicos, diarreas. Está indicada como tratamiento antidiabético oral asociado a cambios en el estilo de vida, así como en combinación con otros agentes orales –metformina, glitazonas y sulfonilureas– y con insulina. Recientemente, se ha utilizado en prevención de la diabetes tipo 2 en la población con riesgo de padecerla (intolerantes a la glucosa). Los resultados han indicado que es capaz de retrasar la aparición de la enfermedad y, a su vez, de reducir el número de episodios cardiovasculares, en especial el infarto de miocardio.

Palabras clave:
Inhibidores de alfaglucosidasa
Prevención de diabetes
Enfermedad cardiovascular y diabetes
Infarto de miocardio e intolerancia a la glucosa
Glucemia posprandial
Antidiabéticos orales e hipoglucemia

Acarbose in the best known alpha-glucosidase inhibitor in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. By inhibiting these enzymes, hydrolysis of long-chain carbohydrates is delayed, thus reducing postprandial glucose peaks. This effect reduces glycosylated hemoglobin levels by 0.7-1% and does not produce hypoglycemic episodes. The most important adverse effects are flatulence, tympanites and, in sporadic cases, diarrhea. Acarbose is indicated as an oral anti-diabetic agent associated with lifestyle changes, as well as in combination with other oral agents –metformin, glitazones and sulfonylureas– and with insulin. Recently, acarbose has been used in the population at risk of developing type 2 diabetes (glucose intolerance). The results have indicated that this drug is able to delay the onset of the disease and, in turn, to reduce the number of cardiovascular events, especially myocardial infarction.

Key words:
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
Diabetes prevention
Cardiovascular disease and diabetes
Myocardial infarction and glucose intolerance
Postprandial glycemia
Oral anti-diabetic agents and hypoglycemia
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Copyright © 2008. Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición
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