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Vol. 55. Issue S2.
Guía de actualización en el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2 y sus complicaciones
Pages 34-38 (March 2008)
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Vol. 55. Issue S2.
Guía de actualización en el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2 y sus complicaciones
Pages 34-38 (March 2008)
Guía de actualización en el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2 y sus complicaciones
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Glitazonas
Glitazones
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50541
E. Juncà
Corresponding author
ejunca1978@hotmail.com

Correspondencia: Dra. E. Juncà Creus. Servicio de Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición. Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta. Avda. França, s/n. 17007 Girona. España.
, W. Ricart
Servicio de Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición. Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta. Girona. España
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Las tiazolidinadionas son fármacos que actúan como agonistas de los receptores proliferadores de peroxisomas gamma (PPAR-γ), que se localizan mayoritariamente en el tejido adiposo. Modulan la expresión de genes que regulan el equilibrio glucémico, lipídico, y el estado proinflamatorio, por lo que consiguen disminuir la resistencia a la insulina e, indirectamente, mejorar la secreción de insulina. A pesar de que, en monoterapia, disminuyen en ensayos clínicos controlados un 1% la hemoglobina glucosilada, las glitazonas están indicadas para el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en combinación con otros hipoglucemiantes orales. La combinación de glitazonas e insulina supone un riesgo potencial de insuficiencia cardíaca como consecuencia de la retención hídrica, en pacientes predispuestos, a la que contribuyen ambos fármacos. A pesar de ello, la EMEA ha aprobado la combinación de insulina con pioglitazona, y esta combinación aparece también en el algoritmo de tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, resultante del último consenso de la EASD y de la ADA. Se ha demostrado que las glitazonas mejoran la preservación de la función de la célula beta pancreática y podrían ser en el futuro una indicación terapéutica en el estado de prediabetes. Algunas entidades clínicas en las que la resistencia a la insulina ejerce un papel fisiopatológico, como por ejemplo la esteatohepatitis no alcohólica, las tiazolidinadionas han mostrado resultados favorables, aunque todavía su indicación no está aprobada.

Palabras clave:
Diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Tiazolidinadionas
Glitazonas
Resistencia a la insulina
Receptores proliferadores de peroxisomas gamma

Glitazones are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonists, which are predominantly expressed in adipose tissue. PPAR-gamma activation leads to enhanced expression of different genes controlling glycemic, lipidic and inflammatory homeostasis, thus reducing insulin resistance and, indirectly, improving insulin secretion. Although controlled clinical trials have shown that glitazone monotherapy reduces glycosylated hemoglobin by 1%, these drugs are indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in combination with other oral hypoglycemic agents. The combination of glitazones and insulin carries a potential risk of heart failure as a result of water retention in predisposed individuals, as both drugs can produce this adverse effect. Nevertheless, the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products has approved the combination of insulin and pioglitazone, which is also included in the algorithm for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus produced in the last consensus of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes and the American Diabetes Association. Glitazones have been demonstrated to improve beta-cell function and may therefore constitute a therapeutic agent in prediabetic states. Some clinical entities in which insulin resistance plays a pathophysiologic role, such a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, may benefit from glitazone therapy, although this indication is not currently approved.

Key words:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Thiazolidinediones
Glitazones
Insulin resistance
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma
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Copyright © 2008. Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición
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