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Vol. 54. Issue S1.
Tumores neuroendocrinos gastroenteropancreáticos
Pages 2-8 (January 2007)
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Vol. 54. Issue S1.
Tumores neuroendocrinos gastroenteropancreáticos
Pages 2-8 (January 2007)
Tumores neuroendocrinos gastroenteropancreáticos
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Biología molecular, epidemiología y clasificación de los tumores neuroendocrinos gastroenteropancreáticos (TEGEP)
Molecular biology, epidemiology and classification of gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumors
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Carles Villabonaa,
Corresponding author
13861cva@comb.es

Correspondencia: Dr. C. Villabona Servei d’Endocrinologia i Nutrició. Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge. Feixa Llarga s/n. 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona.
, Oriol Casanovasb, Ramón Salazarc
a Servei d’Endocrinologia i Nutrició. Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge. L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona
b Laboratori de Recerca Traslacional. Institut Català d’Oncologia. Barcelona
c Servicio de Oncología Médica. Institut Català d’Oncologia. Barcelona. España
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Los tumores neuroendocrinos gastroenteropancreáticos (TEGEP) constituyen un grupo de tumores poco frecuentes con rasgos biológicos comunes. El estudio de la biología molecular de estos tumores ha revelado que las alteraciones más frecuentes se encuentran en genes relacionados con la regulación de la transcripción génica, los genes reguladores del ciclo celular y los genes de mantenimiento de la estabilidad del genoma celular. En el caso de los tumores neuroendocrinos hereditarios, el gen alterado con más frecuencia es el gen supresor tumoral de la neoplasia endocrina múltiple tipo 1 (MEN1), que codifica para la proteína menina, cuya función se desconoce. El análisis específico de los genes y sus alteraciones implicados en la iniciación y el desarrollo de los TEGEP puede ser de utilidad clínica, tanto para un diagnóstico más preciso, como en el desarrollo de marcadores predictivos de la evolución clínica o de la respuesta al tratamiento, y también en el diseño de fármacos específicos.

La incidencia de los TEGEP es inferior a 2,2/100.00 habitantes/año, y globalmente son más frecuentes en mujeres y en población de raza negra. La localización más frecuente es la digestiva, seguida del área pulmonar. Aunque la mayoría son esporádicos, se pueden asociar a algunos síndromes hereditarios. En esta circunstancia, presentan una evolución más lenta, lo que se traduce en una supervivencia superior a la de los esporádicos. La clasificación general de los TEGEP incluye 3 categorías: tumores endocrinos bien diferenciados, que en el caso de los pancreáticos se dividen en los que presentan un comportamiento benigno y aquellos cuyo comportamiento es incierto, carcinomas endocrinos bien diferenciados y carcinomas endocrinos mal diferenciados.

Palabras clave:
Tumores neuroendocrinos gastroenteropancreáticos (TEGEP)
Biología molecular
Epidemiología
Clasificación

Gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) endocrine tumors are an uncommon group of neoplasms with common biological features. Study of the molecular biology of these tumors has revealed that the most frequent alterations are found in genes related to regulation of gene transcription, those regulating the cell cycle, and genes maintaining genome stability. In hereditary neuroendocrine tumors, the most frequently altered gene is the tumor suppressor gene of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1), codifying the menin protein, whose function is unknown. Specific analysis of the genes and of the alterations involved in the development of GEP endocrine tumors could be clinically useful, both for more accurate diagnosis and for the development of predictive markers of clinical outcome or treatment response, as well as for the design of specific drugs.

The incidence of GEP endocrine tumors is less than 2.2/100,000 inhabitants/year. These tumors are more frequent in women and in people of color. The most frequent localization is gastrointestinal followed by the pulmonary area. Although most of these tumors are sporadic, they can be associated with some hereditary syndromes. In these cases, tumor progression is slower, which translates into longer survival than in sporadic tumors. The general classification of GEP endocrine tumors includes three categories: well-differentiated endocrine tumors – which in the case of pancreatic tumors are divided into benign tumors and tumors of uncertain behaviour – well differentiated endocrine carcinomas, and poorly differentiated endocrine carcinomas.

Key words:
Gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumors
Molecular biology
Epidemiology
Classification
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Copyright © 2007. Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición
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