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Vol. 34. Issue 6.
Pages 291-302 (November - December 2022)
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Vol. 34. Issue 6.
Pages 291-302 (November - December 2022)
Original article
Prevalence rates of overweight and obesity and their associations with cardiometabolic and renal factors. SIMETAP-OB study
Tasas de prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad y sus asociaciones con factores cardiometabólicos y renales. Estudio SIMETAP-OB
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Antonio Ruiz-Garcíaa,
Corresponding author
antoniodoctor@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Ezequiel Arranz-Martínezb, Luis Enrique Morales-Cobosc, Juan Carlos García-Álvarezd, Nerea Iturmendi-Martíneze, Montserrat Rivera-Teijidof, on behalf of the Grupo de Investigación del Estudio SIMETAP
a Lipids and Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Pinto University Health Center, Pinto, Madrid, Spain
b San Blas Health Center, Parla, Madrid, Spain
c Las Américas University Health Center, Parla, Madrid, Spain
d Dr. Mendiguchía-Carriche Health Center, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
e Argüelles Health Center, Madrid, Spain
f Alicante Health Center, Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

Excess weight is a major health problem. Aims of this study were to determine the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity, and to compare their associations with cardiometabolic and renal risk factors between obese and non-obese populations, and between overweight and non-overweight populations.

Methods

Cross-sectional observational study conducted in Primary Care. Population-based random sample: 6588 study subjects between 18 and 102 years of age (response rate: 66%). Crude and sex- and age-adjusted prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were calculated, and their associations with cardiometabolic and renal variables were assessed by bivariate and multivariate analysis.

Results

The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 36.0% (42.1% in men; 33.1% in women) and 25.0% (26.2% in men; 24.5% in women), respectively. These prevalences increased with age, and were higher in men than in women. Fifty-two percent (95%CI: 50.0–53.9) of the overweight population and 62.3% (95%CI: 60.1–64.5) of the obese population had a high or very high cardiovascular risk. Abdominal obesity, physical inactivity, prediabetes, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-C were independently associated with both entities. Furthermore, diabetes was independently associated with overweight and hypercholesterolemia with obesity.

Conclusions

The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 61.0% (68.4% in men and 59.0% in women). More than half of the overweight population and nearly two-thirds of the obese population had a high cardiovascular risk. Hyperglycemia, physical inactivity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, low HDL-C, and hypertriglyceridemia were independently associated with overweight and obesity.

Keywords:
Overweight
Obesity
Prevalence
Risk factors
Resumen
Introducción

El exceso de peso constituye un importante problema de salud. Los objetivos del estudio fueron determinar las tasas de prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad, y comparar sus asociaciones con factores de riesgo cardiometabólicos y renales entre las poblaciones con y sin obesidad, y entre las poblaciones con y sin sobrepeso.

Métodos

Estudio observacional transversal realizado en Atención Primaria. Muestra aleatoria de base poblacional: 6.588 sujetos de estudio entre 18 y 102 años (tasa de respuesta: 66%). Se calcularon las prevalencias crudas y ajustadas por edad y sexo de sobrepeso y obesidad, y se evaluaron sus asociaciones con variables cardiometabólicas y renales mediante análisis bivariado y multivariado.

Resultados

Las prevalencias ajustadas por edad y sexo de sobrepeso y obesidad fueron 36,0% (42,1% en hombres; 33,1% en mujeres) y 25,0% (26,2% en hombres; 24,5% en mujeres), respectivamente. Estas prevalencias se incrementaban con la edad, y eran más elevadas en hombres que en mujeres. El 52,0% (IC95%: 50,0–53,9) de la población con sobrepeso y el 62,3% (IC95%: 60,1–64,5) de la población con obesidad tenían un riesgo cardiovascular alto o muy alto. Obesidad abdominal, inactividad física, prediabetes, hipertensión, hipertrigliceridemia, y el c-HDL bajo se asociaban independientemente con ambas entidades. Además, la diabetes se asociaba independientemente con sobrepeso y la hipercolesterolemia con obesidad.

Conclusiones

La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad era del 61,0% (68,4% en hombres y 59,0% en mujeres). Más de la mitad de la población con sobrepeso y casi dos tercios de la población con obesidad tenían un riesgo cardiovascular elevado. Hiperglucemia, sedentarismo, hipertensión, hipercolesterolemia, c-HDL bajo e hipertrigliceridemia se asociaban independientemente con sobrepeso y obesidad.

Palabras clave:
Sobrepeso
Obesidad
Prevalencia
Factores de riesgo

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