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Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis (English Edition) Nutritional habits in patients with peripheral arterial disease: Adherence to th...
Journal Information
Vol. 37. Issue 2.
(March - April 2025)
Vol. 37. Issue 2.
(March - April 2025)
Original article
Nutritional habits in patients with peripheral arterial disease: Adherence to the Mediterranean diet
Hábitos nutricionales en pacientes con enfermedad arterial periférica: adherencia a la dieta mediterránea
Elena Vilalta Doñatea,
Corresponding author
vilalta.evd@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Francisca García Fernándezb, Salvador Martínez Meléndezc, Consuelo Castillo Castillod, Pablo Salas Medinae, Isabel Almodóvar Fernándezf
a Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Vascular, Angiología y Cirugía Vascular, Hospital General Universitario de Castellón, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
b Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera y Angiología y Cirugía Vascular, Hospital General Universitario de Castellón, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
c Universitat Jaume I y Angiología y Cirugía Vascular, Hospital General Universitario de Castellón, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
d Centro de Salud Palleter, Departamento de Salud de Castellón, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
e Unidad Predepartamental de Enfermería, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
f Unidad Predepartamental de Enfermería, Universitat Jaume I, Research Manager Villareal CF, Grupo de Investigación QSH, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
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Tables (7)
Table 1. Descriptive analysis of the sociodemographic data, medical history, and lifestyle of the total sample.
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Table 2. Descriptive analysis of socio-demographic data, medical history and lifestyle of the total sample studied and according to the degree of severity of PAD.
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Table 3. Descriptive analysis of the MEDAS questionnaire items with a positive response score (+1 point).
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Table 4. Descriptive analysis of the biochemical parameters of the sample.
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Table 5. Bivariate Chi-square analysis of the MEDAS questionnaire items according to history of CVD (without and with CVD) and according to the degree of severity of PAD (ABI ≥ .5 and <.5).
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Table 6. Bivariate chi-square analysis of the degree of adherence to the MedDiet according to a history of CVD (with and without CVD) and according to the level of severity of CVD (ABI ≥ .5 and <.5).
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Table 7. Bivariate analysis of the biochemical parameters of the sample according to history of CVD (without and with CVD) and according to the degree of severity of PAD (ABI ≥ .5 and <.5).
Tables
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Abstract
Introduction

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (Dietmed) exerts protective effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD). In the Lower Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) there are fewer studies that analyze these data.

Objective

To determine adherence to Dietmed and dietary habits in patients with PAD, according to a history of CVD (coronary and/or cerebral ischaemic pathology) and according to the ankle-brachial index (ABI ≥ or < 0,5).

Material and methods

Cross-sectional analytical study carried out in a tertiary hospital. The sample was collected consecutively. Sociodemographic and clinical history, ankle-brachial index (ABI) and a 14-point Dietmed adherence dietary questionnaire were included. The analysis of categorical variables was carried out using the Pearson’s Chi-Square test, the T-Student’s statistic test for independent samples was used for parametric variables and the U. Mann-Whitney test for non-parametric variables.

Results

Of the 97 patients, 87,6% had low adherence to Dietmed, with no differences according to the severity of PAD. However, when we analysed the data according to whether or not they had a history of CVD, we observed a high adherence to some items included in Dietmed, specifically, in the CVD group, the consumption of lean meat (95,5% vs 64%; p = 0.004). In addition, we observed a significant difference in the consumption in the group without a history of CVD (32% vs 9,1%; p = 0.033).

Conclusion

In our population, patients with PAD, regardless of the stage of the disease and whether they had associated coronary or cerebral ischaemic pathology, had low adherence to Dietmed. Therefore, it is important to implement nutritional education programmes in patients with PAD in all stages, as well as in those patients who have already suffered a vascular event, so that they maintain adherence to healthy dietary habits in the long term.

Keywords:
Peripheral arterial disease
Chronic ischemia in lower limbs
Ankle-brachial index
Nutrition
Mediterranean diet
Resumen
Introducción

La adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (Dietmed) ejerce efectos protectores sobre la enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV). En la Enfermedad Arterial Periférica (EAP) de miembros inferiores (MMII) existen menos estudios que analicen estos datos.

Objetivo

Determinar la adherencia a la Dietmed y los hábitos dietéticos en pacientes con EAP, según antecedentes de ECV (patología isquémica coronaria y/o cerebral) y según cifras en el índice tobillo-brazo (ITB ≥ ó < 0,5).

Metodología

Estudio transversal analítico realizado en un hospital terciario. La recogida de la muestra se realizó consecutivamente. Se incluyeron los antecedentes sociodemográficos, clínicos, ITB y se cumplimentó un cuestionario dietético de adherencia a la Dietmed de 14 ítems. El análisis de las variables categóricas se llevó a cabo mediante la prueba Chi-Cuadrado de Pearson, se usó la prueba estadística T-Student para muestras independientes para variables paramétricas y la prueba de U. Mann-Whitney para las no paramétricas.

Resultados

De los 97 pacientes, el 87,6% presentaban una baja adherencia a la Dietmed, sin diferencias en función de la severidad de la EAP. Sin embargo, cuando analizamos los datos en base a si presentaban o no asociados antecedentes de ECV, observamos una alta adherencia a algunos ítems incluidos en Dietmed, concretamente, en el grupo con ECV, el consumo de carne magra (95,5% frente 64%; p = 0,004). Además, observamos una diferencia significativa en el consumo de frutos secos, presentando una mayor frecuencia de consumo en el grupo sin antecedentes de ECV (32% vs 9,1%; p = 0,033)

Conclusión

En nuestra población, los pacientes con EAP de MMII, independientemente del estadio de la enfermedad y de si tenían asociada patología isquémica coronaria o cerebral, presentaban una baja adherencia a la Dietmed. Por lo que, es importante implementar programas de educación nutricional en pacientes con EAP en MMII en todos sus estadios, así como en aquellos pacientes que ya han sufrido un evento vascular, para que mantengan la adherencia a hábitos dietéticos saludables a largo plazo.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedad arterial periférica
Isquemia crónica en miembros inferiores
Índice tobillo-brazo
Nutrición
Dieta mediterránea

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