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Vol. 34. Issue 6.
Pages 311-321 (November - December 2022)
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Vol. 34. Issue 6.
Pages 311-321 (November - December 2022)
Original article
Effect of the administration of different forms of vitamin D on central blood pressure and aortic stiffness, and its implication in the reduction of albuminuria in chronic kidney disease
Efecto de la administración de diferentes formas de vitamina D en la presión arterial y rigidez aórticas, y su implicación en la reducción de la albuminuria en la enfermedad renal crónica
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Almudena Martin-Romeroa, Jary Perelló-Martíneza, Juan Carlos Hidalgo-Santiagob, Alfredo Michan-Doñac, Juan Bosco López Sáezd, Pablo Gómez-Fernándeze,
Corresponding author
pgomezf@senefro.org

Corresponding author.
a Unidad de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario, Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz, Spain
b Centro de Salud San Telmo, Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz, Spain
c Unidad de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario, Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz, Spain
d Unidad de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
e Unidad de Factores de Riesgo Vascular, Hospital Universitario, Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz, Spain
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Abstract
Background and objectives

Vitamin D (vitD) participates in phospho-calcium metabolism and exerts multiple pleiotropic effects. There is tissue 1-α (OH)ase that converts 25-OH cholecalciferol (25 (OH) D) in calcitriol that exerts autocrine and paracrine effects. 25 (OH)D deficiency could limit these tissue effects of vitD. The administration of nutritional vitD and the activator of the vitD receptor, paricalcitol, may promote beneficial effects on vascular and renal function. The objective of this work was to study in subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD) the effect that the administration of different forms of vitD has on arterial function and albuminuria, and the possible relationship between the modifications of these variables.

Patients and methods

We studied in 97 patients with CKD stages 3–4 the effect of the administration of cholecalciferol (group 2; n: 35) and paricalcitol (n: 31; group 3) on parameters derived from brachial blood pressure, aortic blood pressure and on aortic stiffness studied using carotid-femoral pulse velocity (Vpc-f), and on albuminuria. A group of patients with stages 3–4 CKD who did not receive vitD therapy served as a control group (n: 31; group 1). All parameters were studied at baseline and after the follow-up period which was 7±2 months.

Results

In the baseline phase, no differences were observed between the groups in brachial systolic blood pressure (bSBP), central systolic blood pressure (SBP), brachial pulse pressure (bPP), and central pulse pressure (pCP) or in aortic stiffness that was increased in all groups with a baseline Vpc-f value of 10.5 (9.2–12.1) m/sec. The baseline albuminuria value in the grouped patients was 229 (43–876) mg/g (median (interquartile range)), with no differences between the groups.

Serum calcium and phosphorus increased significantly in those treated with cholecal-ciferol (native vitD) and paricalcitol (active vitD). Parathormone (PTH) values ​​decreased in those treated with paricalcitol. bPP and cPP decreased in all groups treated with native and active vitD. No significant changes in bPP and cPP were observed in the control group.

Vpc-f did not change significantly in any of the groups, although the variation was quantitatively greater in group 3 (11.2±2 vs. 10.7±1.6 (p:0.06)). No differences were observed in the changes in Vpc-f between the groups when adjusted to the baseline values ​​of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), albuminuria, PTH, vitD, brachial and central blood pressure parameters, and their changes with treatment.

Those who received treatment with native and active vitD presented a significant decrease in albuminuria of 17% (group 2) and 21% (group 3) compared to a 16% increase in the untreated group (group 1) (p:0 .01). A decrease in albuminuria ≥30% was observed more frequently in the groups treated with some form of vitD (group 2: 23%; group 3: 45%) than in the control group (13%) (p:0.03). The decrease in albuminuria observed in the groups treated with any of the forms of vitD did not vary when the baseline values ​​of the biochemical parameters of phosphorus-calcium metabolism, those of arterial function (PPb, PPc, Vpc-f) or its modifications were introduced as covariates. There was no significant correlation between changes in Vpc-f and albuminuria. In logistic regression, changes in arterial function parameters were also not explanatory for the ≥30% decrease in albuminuria.

Conclusions

In patients with CKD stages 3–4, treated with RAS blockers and with residual albuminuria, the administration of or paricalcitol reduces brachial and aortic pulse pressures, and albuminuria. The decrease in albuminuria does not seem to be mediated, at least not decisively, by changes in central hemodynamics or aortic stiffness.

Keywords:
Chronic kidney disease
Vitamin D
Paricalcitol
Arterial stiffness
Albuminuria
Resumen
Antecedentes y objetivos

La vitamina D (vitD) ejerce efectos pleiotrópicos como son las modificaciones de la función arterial y descenso de la albuminuria. Existe 1-alfa-hidroxilasa tisular que convierte el 25-hidroxicolecalciferol (25(OH)D) en calcitriol que ejerce acciones autocrinas y paracrinas que intervienen en los efectos pleiotrópicos. El déficit de 25(OH)D podría limitar estos efectos tisulares de la vitD. La administración de vitD nutricional (colecalciferol) y de paricalcitol, puede promover beneficios en la función vascular y renal.

El objetivo fue estudiar el efecto que tiene, en la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC), la administración de diferentes formas de vitD sobre la rigidez aórtica y sobre la albuminuria, y la relación fisiopatológica entre las modificaciones de estas variables.

Pacientes y métodos

Estudiamos en 97 enfermos con ERC estadios 3–4 y con albuminuria residual, el efecto de la administración de colecalciferol (grupo 2) y paricalcitol (grupo 3) sobre la rigidez aórtica estudiada mediante la velocidad de pulso carótida-femoral (Vpc-f), sobre la presión arterial braquial y aórtica (central), y sobre la albuminuria. Un grupo de enfermos con ERC estadios 3–4 que no recibió terapia con vitD sirvió como grupo control (grupo 1). Todos los parámetros se estudiaron basal-mente y tras un periodo de seguimiento de 7±2 meses.

Resultados

No hubo diferencias entre los grupos en la rigidez aórtica que estaba aumentada en todos ellos con un valor basal de la Vpc-f de 10,5 (9,2–12,1) m/seg. Los valores basales de presión arterial sistólica braquial (PASb), presión arterial sistólica central (PASc), presión de pulso braquial (PPb) y presión de pulso central (PPc) fueron similares en todos los grupos.

El valor de albuminuria basal fue 198 (46–832) mg/g, sin diferencias entre los grupos.

La calcemia y fosforemia aumentaron significativamente en los tratados con colecalciferol y paricalcitol. Los valores de parathormona (PTH) disminuyeron en los tratados con paricalcitol.

La PPb y PPc disminuyeron en todos los grupos tratados con vitD nativa y activa y no se modificaron en el grupo control.

La Vpc-f no se modificó significativamente en ninguno de los grupos aunque la variación fue mayor en el grupo 3 (11,2±2 vs. 10,7±1,6 (p:0,06)).

Los que recibieron tratamiento con vitD presentaron un descenso de la albuminuria de 17 % (grupo 2) y 21% (grupo 3) frente a un aumento de 16% en el grupo no tratado (grupo 1) (p:0,01). Una reducción de la albuminuria ≥30% se observó más frecuente-mente en los grupos tratados con alguna forma de vitD (p:0,03).

No existió correlación significativa entre los cambios de la Vpc-f y los de la albuminuria ni participación de las modificaciones de la función arterial en la reducción ≥30% de la albuminuria.

Conclusiones

En la ERC estadios 3–4, con albuminuria residual, la administración de colecalciferol o paricalcitol reduce los índices de pulsatilidad arterial y la albuminuria. Este descenso de la albuminuria no parece estar mediado, al menos de forma determinante, por las modificaciones de la rigidez aórtica.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedad renal crónica
Vitamina D
Paricalcitol
Rigidez arterial
Albuminuria

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