Article information
Abstract
Mediterranean Diet has proven to be one of the most effective dietary patterns for preventing cardiovascular disease and other cardiometabolic outcomes, however, scientific research has historically tended to focus on the composition of foods and their nutrients, neglecting other essential components of this dietary pattern. These non-nutritional factors, including commensality and conviviality, food seasonality and sustainability, culinary practices, and the temporal synchronization of food intake, are integral to the conceptual framework of Mediterranean Diet and were a key criterion for its recognition as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Despite their relevance, their systematic treatment in the scientific literature has been limited.
This consensus statement reviews and synthesizes recent evidence on these non-nutritional factors, identifying the mechanisms by which they influence adherence to the pattern and biological determinants relevant to vascular health, such as metabolic regulation, low-grade inflammation, and circadian function. Furthermore, highlighting these elements contributes to the implementation and adaptation of MediterraneanDiet in other sociocultural contexts, promoting the adoption of a comprehensive pattern that preserves its conceptual foundations beyond the mere replication of foods, and allows these individuals to access the additional benefits conferred by these non-nutritional factors.
This holistic approach proposes that the Mediterranean Diet, conceived as a lifestyle pattern, can be coherently adapted to different cultural and geographical realities, thus optimizing its transfer to clinical practice and to strategies for the prevention of arteriosclerosis and its risk factors.
Keywords:
Nutrition
Health
Mediterranean diet
Commensality
Chronobiology and cardiovascular
Resumen
La Dieta Mediterránea ha demostrado ser uno de los patrones alimentarios más eficaces para la prevención de la enfermedad cardiovascular y otros desenlaces cardiometabólicos, pero la investigación científica ha tendido históricamente a enfocarse en la composición de los alimentos y sus nutrientes, dejando en un segundo plano otros componentes esenciales del modelo. Estos factores no nutricionales, incluyendo la comensalidad y la convivialidad, la estacionalidad y sostenibilidad de los alimentos, las prácticas culinarias o la sincronización temporal de la ingesta, forman parte integral de la arquitectura conceptual de la Dieta Mediterránea y fueron un criterio clave para su reconocimiento como Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial de la Humanidad. Pese a su relevancia, su tratamiento sistemático en la literatura científica ha sido limitado.
El presente consenso revisa y sintetiza la evidencia reciente sobre estos factores no nutricionales, identificando mecanismos por los cuales influyen en la adhesión al patrón y en determinantes biológicos relevantes para la salud vascular, como la regulación metabólica, la inflamación de bajo grado y la función circadiana. Además, traer a la luz estos elementos facilita la implementación y adaptación del modelo mediterráneo en otros contextos socioculturales, promoviendo la adopción de un patrón integral que conserve sus fundamentos conceptuales más allá de la mera replicación de alimentos, y permite a estas personas a acceder a los beneficios adicionales conferidos por estos factores no nutricionales.
Este enfoque holístico propone que la Dieta Mediterránea, concebida como un patrón de estilo de vida, puede ser adaptada de manera coherente a distintas realidades culturales y geográficas, optimizando así su transferencia a la práctica clínica y a las estrategias de prevención de la arteriosclerosis y sus factores de riesgo.
Palabras clave:
Nutrición
Salud
Dieta mediterránea
Comensalidad
Cronobiología y cardiovascular
Article
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