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Vol. 13. Issue 4.
Pages 139-147 (January 2001)
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Vol. 13. Issue 4.
Pages 139-147 (January 2001)
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Influencia del ejercicio físico moderado sobre el metabolismo lipídico posprandial en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 no obesos
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C. Sánchez Juan1
Corresponding author
Carlos.Sanchez@uv.es

Correspondencia: Departament de Medicina. Universitat de València. Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 15. 46010 Valencia
, A. Cucó Alberola, J.F. Ascaso
Departament de Medicina. Universitat de València
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Fundamento

La primera causa de muerte en la diabetes es la cardiopatía isquémica por aterosclerosis coronaria, cuyo desarrollo puede atribuirse, en parte, a alteraciones de las lipoproteínas ricas en triglicéridos (TG). La mayoría de estudios lipídicos en diabéticos se han efectuado en situación basal (en ayunas); sin embargo, hay indicios de que el aumento posprandial de las lipoproteínas ricas en TG podría ser aterogénico al modificar indirectamente el metabolismo de otras lipoproteínas. El ejercicio físico influye en el metabolismo lipídico, pero en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 existen pocos estudios en relación con sus posibles efectos beneficiosos sobre la lipemia posprandial. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la influencia del ejercicio físico moderado sobre la lipemia posprandial en la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 sin obesidad

Métodos

Se estudió a 20 diabéticos tipo 2, con buen control metabólico, sedentarios y no obesos, y se compararon con 10 sujetos control. Los 30 participantes fueron sometidos a una prueba oral de tolerancia grasa para determinar la lipemia posprandial. Los 20 diabéticos se separaron de forma aleatoria en dos grupos de 10; el primero siguió un programa de ejercicio físico moderado durante 3 meses y el segundo permaneció sedentario. Tras esos 3 meses, se repitió el estudio de la lipemia posprandial

Resultados

En los pacientes diabéticos observamos en situación basal un aumento de los TG y un descenso del colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de alta densidad (cHDL) con respecto al grupo control. La lipemia posprandial y el pico máximo de TG tras la sobrecarga grasa fue superior en los diabéticos. En éstos se obtuvieron cifras más elevadas de triglicéridos-lipoproteínas de muy baja densidad (VLDL) y colesterol unida a éstas (cVLDL), y más bajas de cHDL, tanto basales como posprandiales. Tras el ejercicio físico se detectaron cifras menores de TG posprandiales en comparación con la situación basal y con los diabéticos sedentarios, si bien las áreas bajo la curva de los TG no evidenciaron diferencias significativas. Se pudo apreciar también que, tanto en situación basal como posprandial, el ejercicio físico no modifica los valores de cHDL en los pacientes diabéticos

Conclusiones

En los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 el ejercicio físico moderado produce cambios en la composición de las lipoproteínas posprandiales, que probablemente disminuyen su aterogenicidad, aunque no se aprecian modificaciones significativas globales de la lipemia posprandial

Palabras clave:
Ejercicio físico
Metabolismo lipídico
Diabéticos tipo 2
Background

Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in type 2 diabetic patients. The abnormalities observed in the triglycerides rich lipoproteins (TRL) could justify the high prevalence of atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes. Most studies in diabetes have assessed lipid metabolism in the fasting state; however, recently it has been suggested that high triglycerides levels in the postprandial state are potentially atherogenic by way of induced alterations of lipoprotein metabolism. Physical exercise influences lipid concentrations, but there are few studies of its potentially beneficial effects on postprandial lipemia in type 2 diabetes. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of moderate physical exercise on postprandial lipemia in type 2 diabetic subjects

Methods

We compared 20 type 2 diabetic subjects, with good metabolic control, sedentary and not obese, with 10 control subjects. The 30 subjects were submitted to an oral fat test to determine the magnitude of postprandial lipemia. The 20 diabetic subjects were divided into two groups; the first group (n = 10) followed a moderate physical exercise program during 3 months, while the second group (n = 10) remained sedentary. After 3 months, postprandial lipemia was assessed again

Results

Diabetic patients had increased fasting triglyceride levels and reduced HDL cholesterol levels in comparison with the control group. Postprandial lipemia and the maximum TG peak after the oral fat test were higher in the diabetic group. An increase in VLDL triglyceride and VLDL cholesterol and a decreased HDL cholesterol in both states (fasting and postprandial) were observed in the diabetic subjects. After the physical exercise program, postprandial triglyceride levels were lower than at baseline and in diabetics who remained sedentary, but the areas under the curve were not significantly different. No changes in fasting or postprandial HDL cholesterol levels were observed after the physical exercise program

Conclusion

In type 2 diabetic subjects, moderate physical exercise produces favorable changes in the composition of postprandial lipoproteins which probably decrease their atherogenic capacity

Key words:
Physical exercise
Lipemia
Type 2 diabetic patients
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