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Vol. 13. Issue 6.
Pages 241-253 (January 2001)
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Vol. 13. Issue 6.
Pages 241-253 (January 2001)
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Evaluación farmacoeconómica de la reducción de colesterol con inhibidores de la HMG-CoA reductasa (estatinas) en la hipercolesterolemia
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2875
J.A. Gómez-Gerique1
Corresponding author
jagomezg@meditex.es

Correspondencia: Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica. Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2. 28040 Madrid
Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica. Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Madrid
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Article information
Introducción

Los costes de la enfermedad cardiovascular son considerables. La prevención o la reducción del número de episodios cardiovasculares asociados a la hipercolesterolemia mediante el empleo de estatinas parece razonable

Objetivo

Realizar una evaluación económica de las estatinas existentes y extrapolarlo a una población general para determinar cuáles son las opciones más coste-efectivas (eficientes)

Material y métodos

Se realiza análisis de costeefectividad con los costes de adquisición de fármacos calculados con los precios más baratos disponibles, y la eficacia para reducir el cLDL obtenida mediante un metaanálisis de eficacia de estudios publicados en la bibliografía

Resultados

Se han incluido un total de 35 ensayos clínicos con 59 cohortes de pacientes que recibían alguna de las 5 estatinas disponibles en régimen de monoterapia. Lovastatina 20 mg (para una reducción de cLDL < 25%); simvastatina 10 mg (25-29%); lovastatina 40 mg (29-31%), y atorvastatina 10, 20 y 40 mg (31-36%, 37-42% y 43-49%, respectivamente) fueron las opciones terapéuticas con un menor coste por 1% de reducción de cLDL; 849, 1.112, 1.210, 1.110, 1.612 y 1.630 ptas., respectivamente. La aplicación de estos datos a la población española de alto riesgo (según las recomendaciones del Adult Treatment Panel II) ofrece como resultado que el 11, 16, 61 y 12% de la población debería ser tratada con lovastatina 20-40 mg/día, 10 mg/día de simvastatina, 10-40 mg/día de atorvastatina o tratamiento combinado, respectivamente, para poder conseguir los objetivos terapéuticos definidos por estas recomendaciones

Conclusiones

Los resultados de este studio deberían traducirse en la clínica diaria en la individualización de la terapia reductora de colesterol de acuerdo con la estrategia de tratamiento para conseguir objetivos terapéuticos de la manera, desde un punto de vista farmacoeconómico, más eficiente posible. Según este criterio, y aplicando los resultados de este estudio, la mayoría de los pacientes hipercolesterolémicos de alto riesgo estarían tratados de forma eficiente con atorvastatina

Palabras clave:
Coste-efectividad
Estatinas
Reducción del colesterol
Evaluación económica
Metaanálisis
Introduction

Cardiovascular disease carries a high economic burden. Prevention or reduction of cardiovascular events associated with hypercholesterolemia with statin drugs seems a reasonable means of reducing these economic costs

Objective

To perform an economic evaluation with existing statins and projecting the results over a general population to determine which option is more cost-effective (efficient)

Material and methods

A cost-effectiveness analysis using the lowest market prices of statins and efficacy data in reducing c-LDL from a meta-analysis of published clinical trials was carried-out

Results

Thirty-five clinical trials with 59 patient cohorts treated in monotherapy with one of the 5 existing statins were included in the evaluation. Lovastatin 20 mg (for c-LDL reduction < 25%), simvastatin 10 mg (25 to 29%), lovastatin 40 mg (29 to 31%) and atorvastatin 10, 20 and 40 mg (31 to 36%, 37 to 42% and 4% to 49%, respectively) were the alternatives with lower cost per 1% c-LDL reduction; 849, 1.112, 1.210, 1.110, 1.612 and 1.630 ptas., respectively. When these data are applied to a high risk Spanish population as established by Adult Treatment Panel II, 11, 16, 61 and 12% of these population, respectively, should be treated with lovastatin 20-40 mg, simvastatin 10 mg, atorvastatin 10-40 mg or a combination of lipid-lowering-drugs

Conclusions

The results reached in this study should be translated into daily medical practice as a recommendation of treating hypercholesterolemics subjects individually according to a Treat-totarget strategy by using the most cost-effective alternative. According to this criterion, and in concordance with the results obtained, most of the high risk hypercholesterolemic patients would be efficiently treated with atorvastatin

Key words:
Cost-effectiveness
Statins
Cholesterol lowering
Economic evaluation
Meta-analysis
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