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Vol. 13. Issue 6.
Pages 231-240 (January 2001)
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Vol. 13. Issue 6.
Pages 231-240 (January 2001)
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Consecuencias funcionales y ultraestructurales de la administración de amlodipino en un modelo experimental de miocardio aturdido
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V. Pallarés Carratalá1,a,b,c, A. Hernándiz Martíneza, M. Portolés Sanzd, J. Cosín Aguilara
a Unidades Cardiocirculatoria
d de Biología y Patología Celular. Centro de Investigación. Hospital Universitario La Fe. Valencia
b Unión de Mutuas. Castellón
c Clínica MEDEFIS. Vila-real. Castellón
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Introducción y objetivos

Desde la identificación del miocardio aturdido se han realizado estudios para determinar la causa que produce la disfunción postisquémica e identificar los posibles agentes que la pueden atenuar. Nuestro objetivo es analizar las consecuencias funcionales y ultraestructurales del tratamiento con amlodipino en un modelo experimental canino de aturdimiento miocárdico inducido por multiples episodios de isquemia de corta duración

Material y métodos

Se analizan dos series de animales: serie control (SI) (n = 15) y serie amlodipino (SII) (n = 15) (se administran 5 mg/día de amlodipino desde 7 días antes a la aplicación del protocolo isquémico [PI] hasta 15 días después). Se implanta un par de cristales ultrasónicos crónicos en territorio dependiente de la arteria descendente anterior, se realizan 20 oclusiones de 2 min de duración y 3 min de recuperación entre ellas. Se analizan la frecuencia cardíaca, la presión ventricular izquierda, la derivada de la presión respecto al tiempo de la presión del ventrículo izquierdo (dP/dt), el flujo coronario y parámetros de función regional. Tras la aplicación de PI, el ECG y la función regional se monitorizan durante los siguientes 15 días. Los perros fueron sacrificados de modo escalonado en grupos de 10, cinco de cada serie para estudio de ultraestructura

Resultados

Antes de la aplicación del PI, el flujo coronario era un 16,2% mayor en los perros SII. Durante la aplicación del PI, en la fase de isquemia los perros de la SII presentaron hipocinesia, mientras que en los de la SI se producía discinesia. En la fase de aturdimiento miocárdico, la máxima afectación de la fracción de acortamiento se produjo en el tercer día en la SII (6,9 ± 1,9%; p < 0,001), mientras que en la SI ocurría más tardíamente (día 5 tras la aplicación del PI) (5,1 ± 1,9%; p < 0,001); la afectación máxima de la fracción de acortamiento fue mayor en la serie control. En ambas series la fracción de acortamiento se había recuperado totalmente el día 15. Sin embargo, en los perros tratados con amlodipino se constató un mayor número de mitocondrias por sarcómero tras la aplicación del PI (36% en SII y 14,3% SI; p < 0,001). En el studio de ultraestructura se observó que el amlodipino se asoció a un mayor porcentaje de mitocondrias dañadas y de fusiones en el estudio basal, y tras la aplicación del PI hubo un mayor número de mitocondrias emparejadas (36% en SII frente a 14,3% en SI; p < 0,001)

Conclusiones

Nuestros datos indican que el amlodipino es efectivo a la hora de preserver parcialmente la función contráctil del miocardio sometido a isquemias breves y repetidas seguidas de cortos períodos de reperfusión, y de acelerar parcialmente la recuperación funcional y estructural del miocardio aturdido una vez cesados los procesos isquémicos

Palabras clave:
Isquemia
Aturdimiento miocárdico
Ultraestructura
Mitocondria
Amlodipino
Introduction and objectives

Since myocardial stunning was first identified, studies have been done to determine the cause of postischemic dysfunction and to know what agents are able to reduce it. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of treatment with amlodipine on myocardial stunning due to brief, repeated ischaemic episodes (IP)

Material and methods

Two series of dogs were analyzed: control (SI; n = 15) and amlodipine (SII; n = 15) (5 mg/day p.o. from 7 days before the IP to 15 days after). A pair of chronic ultrasonic crystals in the left anterior descending coronary artery (ischemic area) was implanted, 20 occlusions of 2 min each and 3 min of recovery between them were induced. Heart rate, left ventricular pressure, dP/dt, and coronary flow were measured, as well as regional function parameters (end-systolic and enddiastolic segment lengths and segment shortening fraction –ESL, EDL, %SS–). After IP, daily ECG and regional function parameters were registered for 15 days. Samples for ultrastructural study were taken in basal situation, and 3-5 days and 15 days after IP

Results

Before IP application, the coronary flow was 16.2% higher in the amlodipine series (p < 0.05). Coronary occlusions in SII dogs produced hypokinesis in the shortening fraction, while the SI dogs shortening fraction values fell to dyskinesia values. During the follow-up myocardial stunning was observed; there was a gradual impairment of the %SS in the control series that reached its lowest peak on the 5th day (5.1 ± 1.9%, p < 0.001). In the amlodipine series, contractility impairment occurred earlier (third day) and was milder (6.9 ± 1.9%, p < 0.001). In both series SS% recovered completely by day 15. The ultrastructural study showed that amlodipine increased the damaged mitochondrias and, after the PI application, mitochondrial fusions at baseline. However, in SII an increased number of mitochondria per sarcomere was seen after PI application (36% SII vs 14.3% SI, p < 0.001)

Conclusions

Amlodipine partially preserves the myocardial contractile function injured by brief, repeated ischemias and helps the myocardium stunned recover earlier both functionally and ultrastructurally

Key words:
Ischaemia
Stunning myocardial
Ultrastructure
Mitochondria
Amlodipine
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Copyright © 2001. Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis y Elsevier España, S.L.
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