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Original article
Robotic surgery for the treatment of achalasia
Cirugía robótica en el tratamiento de la acalasia
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Marta Alberich Prats
Corresponding author
malberich94@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Carla Bettonica Larrañaga, Mónica Miró Martín, Humberto Aranda Danso, Fernando Estremiana García, Leandre Farran Teixidor
Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Received 22 February 2021. Accepted 17 April 2021
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Abstract
Objective

To describe the experience of the robotic approach for achalasia surgery in a tertiary center.

Material and methods

Patients with achalasia who underwent robotic surgery between May 2010 and April 2019 were analyzed. The study variables were collected in a prospective database and a descriptive analysis was performed.

Results

45 patients (55.6% male) with a mean age of 44 years were included. The main symptom at diagnosis was dysphagia. 19 patients (42.2%) received endoscopic treatment prior to surgery, mostly pneumatic dilation (84.2%). Heller's myotomy associated with Toupet fundoplication was the surgical technique of choice, with a mean operative time of 211 min. The average stay was 5 days. There were 2 postoperative perforations (4.4%). Perioperative mortality was 0%. The mean follow-up was 64 months. At 3 and 5 years, a significant decrease in the Eckardt score was observed and the manometric study showed a decrease in the lower esophageal sphincter pressure at rest of 58% and 70%, respectively, with persistence of hypomotility of the esophageal body. Pathological gastroesophageal reflux was diagnosed in two patients (5.4%) and 4 (10.8%) presented recurrence of symptoms, requiring endoscopic pneumatic dilations. In 2 cases, the dilations were not effective, so an endoscopic myotomy was considered.

Conclusions

In our experience, robotic surgery is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of achalasia.

Keywords:
Achalasia
Heller myotomy
Fundoplication
Robotic surgery
Resumen
Objetivo

Describir la experiencia del abordaje robótico en la cirugía de la acalasia en un centro de tercer nivel.

Materialy métodos

Se analizaron los pacientes con acalasia intervenidos mediante cirugía robótica entre mayo de 2010 y abril de 2019. Las variables a estudio se recogieron en una base de datos prospectiva y se realizó un análisis descriptivo.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 45 pacientes (55.6% varones) con edad media de 44 años. El síntoma principal al diagnóstico fue la disfagia. 19 pacientes (42.2%) habían recibido tratamiento endoscópico previo a la cirugía, mayoritariamente dilatación neumática (84.2%). La técnica quirúrgica empleada fue la miotomía de Heller asociada a funduplicatura tipo Toupet, con un tiempo operatorio medio de 211 minutos. La estancia media fue 5 días. Se produjeron 2 perforaciones postoperatorias (4.4%). La mortalidad peroperatoria fue del 0%. El seguimiento medio fue de 64 meses. A 3 y 5 años se evidenció una importante disminución del Eckardt score y el estudio manométrico mostró una disminución de la presión del esfínter esofágico inferior en reposo media del 58% y del 70%, respectivamente, con persistencia de hipomotilidad del cuerpo esofágico. En dos pacientes (5.4%) se diagnosticó reflujo gastroesofágico patológico y 4 (10.8%) presentaron recurrencia de los síntomas, requiriendo dilataciones neumáticas endoscópicas. En 2 casos las dilataciones no fueron efectivas por lo que se planteó la realización de una miotomía endoscópica.

Conclusiones

Según nuestra experiencia, la cirugía robótica constituye un procedimiento seguro y efectivo para el tratamiento de la acalasia.

Palabras clave:
Acalasia
Miotomía de Heller
Funduplicatura
Cirugía robótica

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