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Characteristics and oncological results of epidermoid anal carcinoma: Comparison analysis between immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients
Características y resultados oncológicos del carcinoma epidermoide de ano: análisis comparativo entre los pacientes inmunocompetentes y los inmunodeprimidos
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Yolanda Saralegui Ansorena
Corresponding author
, Jose Maria Enriquez-Navascues, Carlos Placer Galan, Nerea Borda Arrizabalaga, Jose Luis Elosegui Aguirrezabala, Garazi Elorza Echaniz, Ane Etxart Lopetegi, Ignacio Aguirre Allende
Unidad de Cirugía Colorrectal, Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestiva, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Donostia, Gipuzkoa, Spain
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Received 15 March 2021. Accepted 22 May 2021
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Abstract
Objective

Most evidence, including recent randomized controlled trials, analysing anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) do not consider immunocompromise patient population. The aim of this study was to compare clinical and oncological outcomes among immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma.

Method

Multicentric retrospective comparative study including 2 cohorts of consecutive patients, immunocompetent and immunocompromised, diagnosed with anal SCC. This study evaluated clinical characteristics, clinical response to radical chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and long-term oncological results including both local and distant recurrence, overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS).

Results

A total of 84 patients, 47 (55.6%) female, diagnosed with anal SCC from January 2012 to December 2017 were included, 22 (26%) and 62 (74%) patients in immunocompromised and immunocompetent groups respectively. Patients in immunocompromised group were significantly younger (53 vs. 61 years; P = 0.001), with smaller tumoral size (P = 0.044) and reported higher rates of substance abuse including tobacco use (P = 0.034) and parenteral drug consumption (P = 0.001). No differences were found in administered therapies (P = 301) neither in clinical response to chemoradiotherapy (83 vs. 100%). Moreover, similar 5-year OS (60 vs. 64%; P = 0.756) and DFS (65 vs. 68%; P = 0.338) were observed.

Conclusion

The present study shows no significant differences in long-term oncological results among immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients diagnosed with anal SCC, with a similar oncologic treatment. This evidence might be explained due to the close monitoring and adequate therapeutic control of HIV positive patients.

Keywords:
Anal squamous-cell carcinoma
Immunocompromised
Immunocompetent
Recurrence
Overall survival
Disease-free survival
Resumen
Objetivos

La mayoría de los ensayos clínicos realizados sobre pacientes con cáncer escamoso anal (CEA) excluyen pacientes inmunodeprimidos. El objetivo del presente estudio es comparar las características y los resultados oncológicos entre pacientes con CEA inmunocomprometidos e inmunocompetentes.

Métodos

Estudio multicéntrico comparativo retrospectivo que incluye 2 cohortes consecutivas de pacientes, inmunocomprometidos e inmunocompetentes, diagnosticados de carcinoma escamoso anal. Se han investigado las características de los pacientes, los tratamientos realizados, la respuesta clínica al tratamiento con quimiorradioterapia (QRT), la recidiva local o a distancia, la supervivencia global (SG) y la supervivencia libre de enfermedad (SLE).

Resultados

De enero 2012 a diciembre 2017 hemos estudiado a 84 pacientes, 47 (55,6%) mujeres, afectos de CEA, de los cuales 22 (26%) han sido pacientes inmunocomprometidos y 62 (74%) inmunocompetentes. Los pacientes inmunocomprometidos fueron más jóvenes (53 vs. 61 años; p = 0,001), con un menor tamaño tumoral (p = 0,044), y presentaban un mayor consumo de tabaco (p = 0,034) y de drogas de uso parenteral (p = 0,001). No se objetivaron diferencias significativas en los tratamientos administrados (p = 0,301), tampoco difirió la respuesta clínica a la QRT (83 vs. 100%). Tampoco se observaron diferencias significativas en la supervivencia global (60 vs. 64%; p = 0,756) o en la supervivencia libre de enfermedad a 5 años (SLE) (65 vs. 68%; p = 0,338).

Conclusiones

En el presente estudio no se observaron diferencias significativas en relación con los resultados oncológicos a largo plazo entre pacientes inmunocompetentes e inmunocomprometidos diagnosticados de CEA, con un grado de cumplimiento del tratamiento similar. Esta evidencia podría deberse al estrecho seguimiento y buen control terapéutico de pacientes infectados por HIV.

Palabras clave:
Carcinoma escamoso anal
Inmunodeprimido
Inmunocompetente
Recidiva
Supervivencia global
Supervivencia libre de enfermedad

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