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Cirugía Española (English Edition) Psychosocial and behavioural factors associated with the dietary experience afte...
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Original article

Psychosocial and behavioural factors associated with the dietary experience after bariatric surgery: a cross-sectional study in Spanish patients

Factores psicosociales y conductuales asociados a la experiencia alimentaria tras cirugía bariátrica: un estudio transversal en pacientes españoles
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David Peña-Oteroa, Mª Alexandra Gualdrón-Romerob,
Corresponding author
alexandra.gualdron@deusto.es

Corresponding author.
, María Eguillor-Mutiloac, Francisco José Gracia-Corderod, Jaione Beristain-Larruceab
a Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla. Servicio Cántabro de Salud. Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Cantabria. Spain
b Universidad de Deusto, Bilbao, Bizkaia. Spain
c Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Servicio Cántabro de Salud, Cantabria. Spain
d Gerencia de Atención Primaria, Servicio Cántabro de Salud, Cantabria. Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

Food satisfaction and the relationship with food are key determinants of quality of life after bariatric surgery; however, the factors that modulate them remain poorly defined. The objective of this study was to analyse the eating experience of bariatric surgery patients and identify the clinical, behavioural, and psychosocial factors that influence it.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 63 patients (71.4% women; age 42.6 ± 9.7 years) who underwent gastric bypass or gastric sleeve surgery (25.3 ± 17.2 months). Sociodemographic data, postoperative time, and self-reported variables were collected: eating satisfaction (Likert 1–5), relationship with food (VAS 1–10), self-esteem, physical activity, and eating patterns. ANOVA and multiple linear regression (α = 0.05) were applied.

Results

47.6% reported being able to eat any food. These patients showed greater food satisfaction than those reporting restrictions (4.20 ± 0.68 vs. 3.48 ± 0.87; F = 12.96; p < 0.001; η2 < p <!--/ sub--> = 0.18). The timing of the main meal was associated with the relationship with food (F = 3.49; p = 0.037): lunch (7.62 ± 1.89) > dinner (5.38 ± 2.77). The multivariate model explained 45% of the variance in the relationship with food (R² = 0.454): self-esteem (β = 0.53; p < 0.001) and physical activity (β = 0.23; p = 0.043) were independent predictors, while postoperative time was not significant (p = 0.232).

Conclusions

Perceived dietary flexibility, self-esteem, and regular physical activity are the main determinants of a satisfactory eating experience after bariatric surgery, above and beyond the mere passage of time. These results support the inclusion of psychological interventions and structured physical exercise in multidisciplinary postoperative follow-up.

Keywords:
Bariatric surgery
Feeding behaviour
Patient satisfaction
Self concept
Motor activity
Quality of life
Resumen
Introducción

La satisfacción alimentaria y la relación con la comida son determinantes clave de la calidad de vida tras la cirugía bariátrica; sin embargo, los factores que las modulan siguen poco definidos. El objetivo del estudio es analizar la experiencia alimentaria de pacientes operados de cirugía bariátrica e identificar los factores clínicos, conductuales y psicosociales que la condicionan.

Métodos

Estudio transversal con 63 pacientes (71,4 % mujeres; edad 42,6 ± 9,7 años) intervenidos de bypass gástrico o manga gástrica (25,3 ± 17,2 meses de evolución). Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos, tiempo posquirúrgico y variables auto-informadas: satisfacción al comer (Likert 1–5), relación con la comida (EVA 1–10), autoestima, actividad física y patrón de ingesta. Se aplicaron ANOVA y regresión lineal múltiple (α = 0,05).

Resultados

El 47,6 % declaró poder ingerir cualquier alimento. Estos pacientes mostraron mayor satisfacción alimentaria que quienes referían restricciones (4,20 ± 0,68 vs. 3,48 ± 0,87; F = 12,96; p < 0,001; η2 < sub > p = 0,18). El momento de la ingesta principal se asoció a la relación con la comida (F = 3,49; p = 0,037): almuerzo (7,62 ± 1,89) > cena (5,38 ± 2,77). El modelo multivariante explicó el 45 % de la varianza en la relación con la comida (R² = 0,454): autoestima (β = 0,53; p < 0,001) y actividad física (β = 0,23; p = 0,043) fueron predictores independientes, mientras que el tiempo posquirúrgico no resultó significativo (p = 0,232).

Conclusiones

La percepción de flexibilidad dietética, la autoestima y la práctica regular de actividad física son los principales determinantes de una experiencia alimentaria satisfactoria tras la cirugía bariátrica, por encima del mero paso del tiempo. Estos resultados apoyan la inclusión de intervenciones psicológicas y de ejercicio físico estructurado en el seguimiento multidisciplinar postoperatorio.

Palabras clave:
Cirugía bariátrica
Conducta alimentaria
Satisfacción del paciente
Autoimagen
Actividad motora
Calidad de vida
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