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Cirugía Española (English Edition) Is failure to rescue an appropriate quality indicator in a pancreatic surgery un...
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Pre-proof, online 6 February 2026

Is failure to rescue an appropriate quality indicator in a pancreatic surgery unit?

¿Es el fallo al rescate (failure to rescue) un parámetro adecuado como indicador de calidad en una unidad de cirugía pancreática?
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Francisco Castillejos Ibáñez, Marina Garcés Albir
Corresponding author
marinagarcesalbir@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Isabel Mora Oliver, Elena Muñoz Forner, Dimitri Dorcaratto, Luis Sabater Ortí
Unidad de Cirugía Hepatobiliopancreática. Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo. Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica INCLIVA. Universitat de València
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Abstract
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Abstract
Objective

To evaluate the Failure to Rescue (FTR) rate in a pancreatic surgery unit between 2020 and 2024, and to identify the limitations of this indicator when interpreting successful outcomes.

Material and methods

A retrospective study based on a prospective database. All patients who underwent elective pancreatic surgery with curative intent between January 2020 and December 2024 were included. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative clinical variables were collected. The 30- and 90-day FTR was defined as mortality among patients who experienced at least one major postoperative complication (MPC) (Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3).

Results

Of the 173 patients operated on, 37 (21.39%) developed major complications. The overall FTR rate was 8.11%. The most frequent complication was pancreatic fistula (17.92%), followed by intra-abdominal collections (15.03%), post-pancreatectomy haemorrhage (13.87%), and delayed gastric emptying (5.20%). The reoperation rate was 9.25%, and overall mortality was 1.73%.

Conclusion

The observed FTR rate is comparable to that of high-volume international centres. FTR, being a ratio between mortality and major complications, can be distorted in series with a low rate of such complications, which requires it to be interpreted with caution and not used as a standalone quality indicator of a surgical unit.

Keywords:
Failure to rescue
pancreatic surgery
postoperative complications
quality indicators
Resumen
Objetivo

Evaluar la tasa de fallo al rescate (FTR) en una unidad de cirugía pancreática entre 2020 y 2024, e identificar las limitaciones de este indicador al interpretar los resultados de éxito.

Material y métodos

Estudio retrospectivo sobre una base de datos prospectiva. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes sometidos a cirugía pancreática programada con intención curativa entre enero de 2020 y diciembre de 2024. Se recopilaron variables clínicas preoperatorias, intraoperatorias y postoperatorias. El FTR a 30 y 90 días se definió como la mortalidad entre pacientes que presentaron al menos una complicación mayor postoperatoria (CMP) (Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3).

Resultados

De los 173 pacientes intervenidos, 37 (21,39%) presentaron complicaciones mayores. La tasa global de FTR fue del 8,11%. La complicación más frecuente fue la fístula pancreática (17,92%), seguida de las colecciones intraabdominales (15,03%), la hemorragia postpancreatectomía (13,87%) y el retraso del vaciamiento gástrico (5,20%). La tasa de reintervención quirúrgica fue del 9,25% y la mortalidad global de la serie del 1,73%.

Conclusión

La tasa de FTR observada es comparable a la de centros de alto volumen a nivel internacional. El FTR, al ser un cociente entre mortalidad y complicaciones mayores, puede verse distorsionado en series con baja tasa de este tipo de complicaciones, lo que obliga a interpretarlo con precaución y no debe usarse como parámetro aislado de calidad de una unidad quirúrgica.

Palabras clave:
Fallo al rescate
cirugía pancreática
complicaciones postoperatorias
indicadores de calidad

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