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Vol. 25. Issue 8.
Pages 546-551 (January 2000)
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Vol. 25. Issue 8.
Pages 546-551 (January 2000)
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Análisis coste-efectividad del tratamiento de la hiperplasia prostática benigna de grado moderado
Cost-effectiveness analysis of the treatment of moderate benign prostatic hyperplasia
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C.M. Meseguer Barrosa, M.L. Fidalgo Garcíab,b, S. Rubio Cebriánc
a Servicio de Epidemiología. Sección Enfermedades no Transmisibles. Consejería de Sanidad de la Comunidad de Madrid.
b Farmacéutica Atención Primaria. Servicio de Farmacia Atención Primaria del Área 8. INSALUD. Madrid.
c Profesor del Departamento de Planificación y Economía de la Salud. Escuela Nacional de Sanidad. Madrid.
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Objetivos

Determinar la alternativa más coste-efectiva del tratamiento de la hiperplasia prostática benigna de grado moderado (HPB-GM) y conocer si las conclusiones pueden modificarse al variar el coste o efectividad de las estrategias de tratamiento.

Diseño

El estudio se modeliza mediante un árbol de decisión para examinar el ratio costeefectividad de 3 estrategias de tratamiento: a) espera vigilada, y si no hay respuesta se administra un fármaco; si tampoco hay respuesta, se procede a resección transuretral de próstata (RUTP); b) tratamiento farmacológico, y si no hay respuesta se realiza RTUP, o c) aplicar inicialmente RTUP.

Se simula el tratamiento de 1.000 pacientes con HPB-GM y su trayectoria de episodios y probabilidades a lo largo de 2 años de tratamiento y desde el punto de vista del sistema sanitario como financiador de servicios.

Mediciones y resultados

Los datos de efectividad se obtienen a partir de un consenso americano de expertos. Se consideran únicamente los costes tangibles directos derivados del tratamiento, en pesetas constantes de 1998. Se realiza un análisis de sensibilidad simple univariante considerando las variables de costes de la RTUP y de los fármacos en un rango aceptable de ± 20%, y la eficacia de la espera vigilada y del tratamiento farmacológico según los valores incluidos en su intervalo de confianza del 90%. La alternativa con un menor coste por paciente mejorado (PM) es la espera vigilada (77.069 pts./PM) seguido del tratamiento con fármacos (118.656 pts./PM) y, por último, de la RTUP (456.642 pts./PM). Variaciones en los valores de las variables no hacen modificar las posiciones relativas de las estrategias de tratamiento evaluadas.

Conclusiones

Desde el punto de vista farmacoeconómico, el tratamiento de la HPB-GM debe iniciarse con espera vigilada, procediendo a administrar fármacos sólo si no hay respuesta positiva y recurrir a RTUP cuando los procedimientos farmacológicos no hayan resultado efectivos.

Palabras clave:
Análisis coste-efectividad
Análisis sensibilidad
Hiperplasia prostática
Objectives

To estimate the most cost-effective alternative of treatment of moderate benign prostatic hyperplasia and to learn whether the outcome can be varied by changing the cost or effectiveness of the alternatives.

Design

The study is made by a decision tree in order to test the cost-effectiveness (CE) rate of three treatment strategies: a) watchful waiting; if there is no response a drug is administered and if there is no response transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is done, b) pharmacological treatment, and if there is no response TURP is done, and c) to apply TURP initially.

The treatment is simulated taking 1000 patients with MBPH and testing the outcome of events and probabilities in a two-year treatment and from the point of view of the health system as services supplier.

Measurements and results

Effectiveness is obtained from an american experts' consensus. Only the direct tangible costs are taken into account, in constant 1998 pts. An univariant simple sensitivity analysis is made considering the cost variables of TURP and from the drugs in an acceptable range of ± 20%, and the effectiveness of the watchful waiting and the pharmacological treatment. The lower cost alternative per improved patient (IP) is the watchful waiting (77069 pts./IP) followed by the drug treatment (118656 pts./IP) and lastly the TURP (456642 pts./IP). Variations in the variable values make no difference in the relative positions of the tested alternatives.

Conclusions

From the pharmacoeconomics' point of view the MBPH treatment must be iniciated by watchful waiting, proceeding to drug administration only if there is a positive response and to make use of TURP when the pharmacological procedures have not been effective.

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Este trabajo fue presentado en el III Congreso Nacional de Farmacéuticos de Atención Primaria, que se celebró en Barcelona en octubre 1998.

Copyright © 2000. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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