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Archivos de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmología (English Edition) Retinal occlusive event in a pediatric patient in the context of dengue infectio...
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Clinical Case
Available online 13 July 2026

Retinal occlusive event in a pediatric patient in the context of dengue infection: Case report

Evento oclusivo retiniano en un paciente pediátrico en el contexto de infección por dengue: reporte de caso
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N.L. Oliva Castillo
Instituto Tecnológico de la Visión, Guatemala, Guatemala
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Abstract

We report the case of a 3-year-old pediatric patient with serologically confirmed dengue infection who subsequently developed left exotropia and severe visual impairment. Ophthalmologic examination revealed diffuse retinal and optic disc pallor, alterations of the retinal pigment epithelium, and macular fibrosis. B-mode ultrasonography ruled out intraocular malignancy, and optical coherence tomography demonstrated complete macular atrophy.

The clinical findings were consistent with a previous retinal vascular occlusive event. However, the absence of angiographic studies and comprehensive systemic evaluation to exclude other etiologies limits the ability to establish a definitive causal relationship with dengue infection.

This case highlights the importance of early ophthalmologic assessment in pediatric patients with recent viral infection and underscores the need for further studies to accurately characterize retinal vascular events.

Keywords:
Dengue
Retinal involvement
Retinal vascular event
Retinal ischemia
Pediatric ophthalmology
Resumen

Se presenta el caso de una paciente pediátrica de 3 años con antecedentes de infección por dengue confirmada serológicamente, quien posteriormente, desarrolló exotropia izquierda y disminución visual severa. La evaluación oftalmológica evidenció palidez retiniana difusa y del disco óptico, alteraciones del epitelio pigmentario y fibrosis macular. La ecografía modo B descartó malignidad intraocular y la tomografía de coherencia óptica mostró atrofia macular total.

Los hallazgos clínicos fueron compatibles con un evento oclusivo vascular retiniano previo; sin embargo, la ausencia de estudios angiográficos y de una evaluación sistémica orientada a descartar otras etiologías, limita la capacidad de establecer una relación causal definitiva con la infección por dengue.

Este caso subraya la importancia de la evaluación oftalmológica temprana en pacientes pediátricos con antecedentes recientes de infección viral y resalta la necesidad de estudios adicionales para caracterizar de manera precisa los eventos vasculares retinianos.

Palabras clave:
Dengue
Compromiso retiniano
Evento oclusivo vascular
Isquemia retiniana
Oftalmología pediátrica

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