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Archivos de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmología (English Edition) Clinical-pathological correlation and outcomes of eyelid Merkel cell carcinoma: ...
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Clinical Case
Available online 8 June 2026

Clinical-pathological correlation and outcomes of eyelid Merkel cell carcinoma: A series of four cases

Correlación clínico/patológica y evolución del carcinoma de células de Merkel palpebral en una serie de 4 casos
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J. Angulo Velásqueza,
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julliana.angulo@upch.pe

Corresponding author.
, G. Mendoza Terronesa, M. Buitrago Buenañoa, D. Cruzado-Sancheza, J. Sánchez Ortiza, S. Prado Cuchob
a Department of Ophthalmic Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN), Lima, Peru
b Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN), Lima, Peru
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Abstract

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) of the eyelid is an uncommon but highly aggressive neuroendocrine malignancy characterised by rapid growth, early locoregional and distant spread, and a high rate of recurrence. We present a series of four cases of palpebral MCC to highlight clinical presentation, histopathological features, treatment approaches, and clinical outcomes. Patients exhibited rapidly progressive eyelid tumours with variable degrees of local invasion. Histopathological analysis confirmed neuroendocrine carcinoma with an immunohistochemical profile characteristic of MCC, including CK20 positivity in a perinuclear dot-like pattern and expression of neuroendocrine markers. Management included surgical excision with reconstructive procedures and, in selected cases, adjuvant radiotherapy. Clinical evolution varied, reflecting the heterogeneous behaviour of this tumour. This case series emphasises the importance of early recognition, accurate histopathological diagnosis, and a multidisciplinary approach for optimal management of eyelid MCC.

Keywords:
Merkel cell carcinoma
Eyelid tumours
Neuroendocrine neoplasms
Eyelid
Histopathology
Resumen

El carcinoma de células de Merkel (CCM) palpebral es una neoplasia cutánea neuroendocrina poco frecuente, altamente agresiva y con marcada tendencia a la recurrencia local, afectación ganglionar temprana y metástasis a distancia. Presenta un comportamiento clínico variable y, debido a su apariencia inicial inespecífica, suele confundirse con lesiones inflamatorias o tumores palpebrales más comunes, lo que retrasa su diagnóstico. En esta serie de cuatro casos se describen las principales características clínicas del CCM del párpado, su presentación oftalmológica, hallazgos histopatológicos e inmunohistoquímicos característicos, así como su evolución y respuesta a las diferentes modalidades terapéuticas empleadas, que incluyeron cirugía, reconstrucción palpebral y tratamiento complementario según la extensión tumoral. Esta serie resalta la importancia del reconocimiento temprano, la confirmación diagnóstica mediante inmunohistoquímica y el enfoque multidisciplinario para optimizar el manejo de esta entidad inusual pero potencialmente mortal.

Palabras clave:
Carcinoma de células de Merkel
Tumores palpebrales
Neoplasias neuroendocrinas
Párpado
Histopatología

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