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Archivos de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmología (English Edition) Bacterial contamination map of high-touch surfaces in a hospital ophthalmology d...
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Vol. 101. Issue 9.
(September 2026)
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Vol. 101. Issue 9.
(September 2026)
Original article

Bacterial contamination map of high-touch surfaces in a hospital ophthalmology department: A cross-sectional study

Mapa de contaminación bacteriana en superficies de alto contacto de un servicio de oftalmología hospitalario: estudio transversal
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V.M. Asensio-Sáncheza,
Corresponding author
vmasensio@yahoo.es

Corresponding author.
, A. Frontelaa, T. Nebreda-Mayoralb, M. Cuervo-Abarquerob
a Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain
b Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain
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Abstract
Background and objectives

Bacterial contamination of high-touch surfaces can facilitate healthcare-associated infections, particularly in ophthalmology, where frequent contact with diagnostic devices occurs. The aim of this study was to evaluate and characterize bacterial load on high-touch surfaces in a hospital ophthalmology department, identifying critical areas and predominant bacterial groups.

Material and methods

Cross-sectional observational study conducted in a tertiary hospital, sampling 150 surfaces across consultation rooms, emergency areas, waiting rooms, administrative areas, and critical points. Surfaces were sampled using sterile swabs and cultured on nutrient agar. After incubation at 37 °C for 48 h, bacterial load was quantified as colony-forming units per square centimeter (CFU/cm²). Bacterial identification was performed using Gram staining and conventional biochemical tests. Comparisons between areas were analyzed using ANOVA; P <  .05.

Results

Significant differences in bacterial load were observed among areas; P <  .001, with higher values in consultation rooms (104 ± 37 CFU/cm²) and critical points (118 ± 42 CFU/cm²). The most contaminated surfaces were slit-lamp chin rests, keyboards and mice, touch screens, and tonometer cones. Coagulase-negative staphylococci predominated (79%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (14%) and Gram-negative bacilli (9%).

Conclusions

Frequently touched surfaces in ophthalmology departments exhibit high bacterial loads, underscoring the need for differentiated cleaning protocols, periodic audits, and staff training to reduce cross-contamination and improve patient safety.

Keywords:
Hospital environmental contamination
High-touch surfaces
Healthcare-associated infections
Staphylococci
Ophthalmology
Resumen
Introducción y objetivos

La contaminación bacteriana en superficies de alto contacto puede favorecer infecciones nosocomiales, especialmente en oftalmología, donde el contacto con dispositivos es frecuente. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar y caracterizar la carga bacteriana en superficies de alto contacto de un Servicio de Oftalmología hospitalario, identificando áreas críticas y los principales grupos bacterianos.

Pacientes y métodos

Estudio observacional transversal realizado en un hospital terciario, con muestreo de 150 superficies de consultas, urgencias, salas de espera, áreas administrativas y puntos críticos. Las superficies se muestrearon con hisopos estériles, que luego se sembraron en agar nutritivo. Tras incubación a 37 °C durante 48 h, la carga bacteriana se cuantificó como unidades formadoras de colonias por centímetro cuadrado (UFC/cm²). La identificación bacteriana se realizó mediante tinción de Gram y pruebas bioquímicas. Las comparaciones se analizaron mediante ANOVA (p < 0,05).

Resultados

Se observaron diferencias significativas en la carga bacteriana entre áreas (p < 0,001), con valores más elevados en consultas (104 ± 37 UFC/cm²) y puntos críticos (118 ± 42 UFC/cm²). Las superficies más contaminadas fueron las mentoneras de biomicroscopio, teclados y ratones, pantallas táctiles y conos de tonómetros. Predominaron los estafilococos coagulasa negativos (79%), seguidos de Staphylococcus aureus (14%) y bacilos Gram negativos (9%).

Conclusiones

Las superficies de uso frecuente en los servicios de oftalmología presentan una elevada carga bacteriana, lo que refuerza la necesidad de protocolos de limpieza diferenciados, auditorías periódicas y formación del personal para reducir la contaminación cruzada y mejorar la seguridad del paciente.

Palabras clave:
Contaminación ambiental hospitalaria
Superficies de alto contacto
Infecciones asociadas a la atención sanitaria
Estafilococos
Oftalmología

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