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Usefulness of the 5MPB-Toledo model to predict bacteremia in patients with urinary tract infections in the emergency department
Utilidad del modelo 5MPB-Toledo para predecir bacteriemia en el paciente con infección del tracto urinario en el servicio de urgencias
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A. Julián-Jiméneza,
Corresponding author
agustinj@sescam.jccm.es

Corresponding author.
, R. Rubio-Díaza, J. González del Castillob, E. Jorge García-Lamberechtsb, I. Huarte Sanzc, C. Navarro Bustosd, F.J. Candel Gonzáleze, en representación del Grupo INFURG-SEMES 1
a Servicio de Urgencias, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Toledo, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
b Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, IDISSC, Madrid, Spain
c Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Universitario de Donosti, San Sebastián, Spain
d Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
e Servicio de Microbiología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, IDISSC, Madrid, Spain
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Received 04 January 2022. Accepted 28 April 2022
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Abstract
Objective

To analyze the usefulness of a new predictive model of bacteremia (5MPB-Toledo) in patients treated for urinary tract infection (UTI) in the emergency department (ED).

Methods

Prospective and multicenter observational cohort study of the blood cultures (BC) ordered for patients with UTIs in 65 Spanish ED from November 1, 2019, to March 31, 2020.

The predictive ability of the model was analyzed with the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUC-ROC). The diagnostic performance was calculated with the chosen cut-off point for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value.

Results

A total of 1,499 blood cultures were evaluated. True cases of bacteremia were confirmed in 277 (18.5%). The remaining 1,222 cultures (81.5%) were negative. Ninety-four (6.3%) were considered contaminated. The model’s area under the ROC curve was 0.937 (95% CI, 0.926–0.949). The prognostic performance with a model’s cut-off value of ≥5 points achieved 97.47% (95% CI, 94.64–98.89) sensitivity, 76.68% (95% CI, 74.18–79.00) specificity, 48.65% (95% CI, 44.42–52.89) positive predictive value and 99.26% (95% CI, 98.41–99.67) negative predictive value.

Conclusion

The 5MPB-Toledo score is useful for predicting bacteremia in patients with UTIs who visit the ED.

Keywords:
Urinary tract infection
Bacteremia
Clinical prediction rule
Blood cultures
Procalcitonin
Emergency department
Resumen
Objetivo

Analizar la utilidad de un nuevo modelo predictivo de bacteriemia (5MPB-Toledo) en pacientes atendidos por infección del tracto urinario (ITU) en los servicios de urgencias (SU).

Métodos

Estudio observacional, prospectivo y multicéntrico de los hemocultivos (HC) obtenidos en pacientes mayores de 18 años atendidos por ITU en 65 SU desde el 1 de noviembre de 2019 hasta el 31 de marzo 2020. Se analizó la capacidad predictiva del modelo con el área bajo la curva (ABC) de la característica operativa del receptor (COR) y se calculó el rendimiento diagnóstico del punto de corte elegido con su sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo y valor predictivo negativo.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 1.499 episodios de HC extraídos. De ellos, se consideraron como bacteriemias verdaderas 277 (18,5%) y como HC negativos 1.222 (81,5%). Entre los negativos, 94 (6,3%) se consideraron contaminados. El ABC-COR del modelo fue de 0,937 (IC 95%:0,926–0,949). El rendimiento diagnóstico del modelo con un PC5 puntos consigue una sensibilidad de 97,47% (IC 95%: 94,64–98,89), especificidad de 76,68% (IC 95%: 74,18–79,00), un valor predictivo positivo de 48,65% (IC 95%: 44,42–52,89) y un valor predictivo negativo de 99,26% (IC 95%: 98,41–99,67)

Conclusión

El modelo 5MPB-Toledo podría ser útil para predecir bacteriemia en los pacientes adultos atendidos en el SU por un episodio de ITU.

Palabras clave:
Infección del tracto urinario
Bacteriemia
Modelo predictivo
Hemocultivos
Procalcitonina
Servicio de urgencias

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