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Original article
External validation of the current scoring systems and derivation of a novel scoring system to predict stone free rates after retrograde intrarenal surgery in patients with cumulative stone diameter of 2–4 cm
Validación externa de los sistemas de puntuación actuales y desarrollo de un nuevo sistema de puntuación para la predicción de la tasa libre de cálculos tras la cirugía intrarrenal retrógrada en pacientes con un diámetro acumulado del cálculo de 2–4 cm
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S. Polata,
Corresponding author
salihpolat@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Y.O. Danacioglub, S. Yarimogluc, M. Soytasd, A. Erdogane, K. Tekef, T. Degirmencic, A.I. Tascib
a Amasya University, Faculty of Medicine, Urology Department, Amasya, Turkey
b UHC Istanbul Bakırkoy Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Urology Department, Estambul, Turkey
c UHC İzmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, Urology Department, Bozyaka, Turkey
d Istanbul Medipol University, Urology Department, Estambul, Turkey
e UHC Istanbul Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Urology Department, Estambul, Turkey
f Kocaeli University, Faculty of Medicine, Urology Department, Kocaeli, Turkey
This item has received
Received 04 February 2022. Accepted 28 April 2022
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Tables (3)
Table 1. Comparison of the patient characteristics according to postoperative SFS.
Table 2. Cut-off, sensitivity, specificity and AUC values of the scoring systems, CSD, SA, and SV for predicting of stone-free status.
Table 3. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the independent predictors of post-operative stone-free status.
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Abstract
Objective

Our primary aim is to perform the external validation of the current scoring systems in predicting stone-free status (SFS) after retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for renal stones 2–4 cm and develop a novel scoring system by re-examining possible predictive factors related to SFS.

Methods

Patients who underwent RIRS due to renal stones with a cumulative stone diameter of 2–4 cm between January 2017 and March 2021 were retrospectively screened. Residual stones ≤2 mm were defined as clinically insignificant, and these cases were considered to have SFS. Possible predictive factors related to SFS were examined using the multivariate logistic regression analysis. A nomogram and a scoring system were developed using independent predictive variables. The prediction ability of the previous and the new scoring system were evaluated with the ROC analysis.

Results

The existing scoring systems were found to be insufficient in predicting SFS (AUC < 0.660 for all). The independent predictors of SFS were identified as stone surface area (OR: 0.991, p < 0.001), stone density (OR: 0.998, p < 0.001), number of stones (OR: 0.365, p = 0.033), and stone localization (p = 0.037). Using these predictive markers, a new scoring system with a score ranging between 4 and 15 was developed. The AUC value for this scoring system was 0.802 (0.734−0.870).

Conclusion

The RUSS, S-ReSC and R.I.R.S. scoring systems and Ito’s nomogram failed to predict SFS in stones >2 cm. The SFS predictive ability of our new scoring system was higher in >2 cm stones compared to the other scoring systems.

Keywords:
Urolithiasis
Large renal stones
Flexible ureterorenoscopy
Lithotripsy
Scoring system
Resumen
Objetivo

Nuestro objetivo principal es realizar la validación externa de los sistemas de puntuación actuales para predecir el estado libre de cálculos (ELC) después de la cirugía intrarrenal retrógrada (CRIR) para cálculos renales de 2−4 cm y desarrollar un nuevo sistema de puntuación reexaminando los posibles factores predictivos relacionados con el ELC.

Métodos

Se evaluaron retrospectivamente los pacientes que recibieron CRIR para el tratamiento de cálculos renales con diámetro acumulado de 2−4 cm, entre enero de 2017 y marzo de 2021. Los cálculos residuales ≤2 mm se definieron como clínicamente insignificantes, y estos casos se consideraron como ELC. Se examinaron los posibles factores predictivos relacionados con el ELC mediante el análisis de regresión logística multivariante. Se elaboró un nomograma y se creó un sistema de puntuación utilizando variables predictivas independientes. Mediante el análisis ROC se evaluó la capacidad de predicción de los sistemas de puntuación actuales y del recién desarrollado.

Resultados

Los sistemas de puntuación existentes resultaron insuficientes para predecir el ELC (AUC < 0,660 en todos los casos). Se identificaron como predictores independientes del ELC el área de superficie (OR: 0,991, p < 0,001), la densidad (OR: 0,998, p < 0,001), el número (OR: 0,365, p = 0,033) y la localización de los cálculos (p = 0,037). Utilizando estos marcadores predictivos, se desarrolló un nuevo sistema de puntuación cuyos resultados oscilan entre 4 y 15. El valor AUC de este sistema de puntuación fue de 0,802 (0,734–0,870).

Conclusión

Los sistemas de puntuación RUSS, S-ReSC y R.I.R.S. y el nomograma de Ito no lograron predecir el ELC en cálculos de >2 cm. Nuestro nuevo sistema de puntuación tuvo una capacidad predictiva del ELC mayor en cálculos de >2 cm, en comparación con los otros sistemas de puntuación.

Palabras clave:
Urolitiasis
Cálculos renales grandes
Ureterorrenoscopia flexible
Litotricia
Sistema de puntuación

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