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Actas Urológicas Españolas (English Edition) Surgery or radiotherapy: Determining factors in therapeutic decision-making for ...
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Surgery or radiotherapy: Determining factors in therapeutic decision-making for localized prostate cancer in Spain

¿Cirugía o radioterapia?: factores determinantes en la decisión terapéutica del cáncer de próstata localizado en España
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J. Perez-Ardavina,
Corresponding author
ardavin.j@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, C.D. Vera-Donosoa, J.M. Alaponta, M. Martinez-Sarmientoa, J.J. Monserrata, J.L. Ruíz Cerdáa, A.J. Condeb, A. Budía Albaa
a Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
b Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

The choice between radical prostatectomy (RP) and radiotherapy (RT) for localized prostate cancer depends on multiple factors. The aim of this study was to describe how urologists and radiation oncologists weigh these variables when recommending primary treatment, and to develop clinical decision support algorithms.

Methods

An online cross-sectional survey was designed for specialists in Urology and Radiation Oncology in Spain. The questionnaire was developed ad hoc and reviewed by an expert panel. Demographic data and treatment preferences were collected using a Likert scale (1–2 RP; 3 neutral; 4–5 RT) across hypothetical clinical scenarios. Clinical consensus was defined as agreement ≥75%.

Results

The mean age of respondents was 41.3 years (SD 10.3), with 68.5% urologists and 31.5% radiation oncologists. Overall, in young patients (<50 years) with high IPSS (≥20), intravesical prostatic protrusion, Qmax < 10 mL/sec, and elevated post-void residual (PVR), the preference for surgery was high (>75%) (p < 0.001). In contrast, in patients older than 70 years with multiple comorbidities and body mass index (BMI) >35, a preference for radiotherapy (4–5) was observed in more than 75% of cases (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Treatment preferences for localized PCa depend primarily on age, comorbidity, and urinary symptoms, with consistent differences between specialties. These findings reinforce the need to integrate shared decision-making tools and to develop clinical decision support algorithms.

Keywords:
Prostatic neoplasms
Patients
Radiotherapy
Prostatectomy
Shared decision making
Resumen
Introducción

La elección entre prostatectomía radical y radioterapia en el cáncer de próstata localizado depende de múltiples factores. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir cómo urólogos y oncólogos radioterapeutas ponderan dichas variables al recomendar un tratamiento primario y realizar un algoritmo como ayuda en la toma de decisiones.

Métodos

Se diseñó una encuesta transversal online, dirigida a especialistas en Urología y Oncología Radioterápica en España. El cuestionario fue elaborado ad hoc y revisado por un panel de expertos previamente. Se recogieron datos demográficos y preferencias de tratamiento mediante una escala Likert (1–2 PR; 3 neutro; 4–5 RDT) en escenarios clínicos hipotéticos. Se consideró consenso clínico un acuerdo ≥75%.

Resultados

La edad media de los encuestados fue de 41,3 años (DS 10,3), con 68,5% de urólogos y 31,5% de oncólogos radioterapeutas. De manera general, en pacientes jóvenes (<50 años), con IPSS elevado (≥20), crecimiento intravesical de la próstata, Qmax < 10 mL/seg y RPM elevado, la preferencia por la cirugía fue alta (>75%) (p < 0.001). En cambio, en mayores de 70 años, con múltiples comorbilidades e IMC > 35, se observó predilección por la radioterapia (4–5) en más del 75% de los casos (p < 0.001).

Conclusiones

Las preferencias terapéuticas para el CaP localizado dependen fundamentalmente de la edad, comorbilidad y sintomatología urinaria, con diferencias consistentes entre especialidades. Estos hallazgos refuerzan la necesidad de integrar herramientas de decisión compartida y desarrollar algoritmos clínicos de apoyo.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer de próstata
Pacientes
Radioterapia
Prostatectomía
Toma de decisiones compartida

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