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Inicio Actas Urológicas Españolas (English Edition) Outcomes of expanded use of PCA3 testing in a Spanish population with clinical s...
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Vol. 35. Issue 10.
Pages 589-596 (November - December 2011)
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Vol. 35. Issue 10.
Pages 589-596 (November - December 2011)
Original Article
Outcomes of expanded use of PCA3 testing in a Spanish population with clinical suspicion of prostate cancer
Resultados del uso expandido del PCA3 score en una población española con sospecha de cáncer de próstata
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J. Rubio-Brionesa,
Corresponding author
jrubio@fivo.org

Corresponding author.
, A. Fernández-Serrab, M. Ramíreza, L. Rubiob, A. Colladoa, J. Casanovaa, A. Gómez-Ferrera, J.V. Ricósa, J.L. Monrósa, R. Dumonta, B. Ortizc, I. Iborraa, Z. García-Casadob, E. Solsonaa, J.A. López-Guerrerob
a Servicio de Urología, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
b Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
c Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
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Tables (4)
Table 1. Sensitivity (SE), specificity (S), PPV, and NPV values for the overall series and the different subgroups of patients for the PCA3 score with cut-off points of 35 and 20.
Table 2. Sensitivity (SE), specificidad (S), PPV, and NPV values for the overall series and the different subgroups of patients for PSA 4ng/ml.
Table 3. Sensitivity (SE), specificity (S), PPV, and NPV values for the overall series and the different subgroups of patients for the free/total PSA ratio with cut-off points of 10 and 20%.
Table 4. Sensitivity (SE), specificity (S), PPV, and NPV values for the overall series and the different subgroups of patients for the rectal examination.
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Abstract
Objectives

DD3PCA3 (PCA3) gene expression is prostate cancer-specific. Routine use of this biomarker has resulted in a 35–67% reduction in the number of required biopsies. The aim of this study is to evaluate our outcomes in its routine use and to establish in which group of patients this is the most efficient, depending on the number of previous PCA3 biopsies.

Material and methods

A total of 474 consecutive patients who had previously undergone a biopsy (group A, n=337) or not (group B, n=134) for whom a PCA3 was requested were analyzed. We subdivided group A into A1 (a previous biopsy, n=182) and A2 (<1 previous biopsy, n=155). The recommendation of whether to perform a biopsy or not was made independently by each of the 11 clinicians and guided by prostatic specific antigen (PSA) levels and digital rectal examination.

Results

Median age was 65 years (range 38–84). PCA3 score had an informative ratio of 99.6%, with a median of 29 (range 1–3245). The percentage of biopsy sparing was 49% of the cases. ROC analysis demonstrated an AUC for PSA and PCA3 of 0.532 (p=0.417) and 0.672 (p<0.0001), respectively. Sensitivities of PSA ≥4 and PCA3 ≥35 were 87% vs. 85%, with specificities of 12% vs. 33%, PPV 34% vs. 39% and NPV 63% vs. 81%, respectively. The PCA3 score showed direct correlation with the percentage of positive biopsies (p<0.0001).

Conclusions

Routine use of PCA3, due to its high NPV, results in a significant reduction in the number of biopsies. PCA3 appears to be more efficient in biopsy-naive patients. Among patients already biopsied, the results are superior in those biopsied only once.

Keywords:
PCA3 score
Prediction
Prostate cancer
PSA
Prostatic biopsy
Resumen
Objetivos

La expresión del gen DD3PCA3 (PCA3) es específica del cáncer de próstata. El porcentaje de biopsias que se pueden ahorrar con este biomarcador es de 35–67%. Nuestro objetivo es analizar los resultados en uso rutinario y establecer en qué subgrupo de pacientes es más rentable según el número de biopsias previas.

Material y métodos

Analizamos a 474 pacientes, biopsiados previamente (grupo A, n=337) o no (grupo B, n=134) en los que se solicitó el PCA3. Subdividimos el grupo A en A1 (una biopsia previa, n=182) y A2 (>1 biopsia previa, n=155). La recomendación de biopsiar o no se tomó de forma independiente por cada uno de los urólogos del Servicio junto con el antígeno prostático específico (PSA) y tacto rectal.

Resultados

La mediana de edad fue 65 años (rango 38–84). La tasa informativa del PCA3 score fue del 99,6% y su mediana 29 (rango 1–3245). El porcentaje de ahorro de biopsias fue 49%. Las áreas bajo la curva ROC para PSA y PCA3 fueron de 0,532 (p=0,417) y 0,672 (p<0,0001). La sensibilidad de PSA ≥4 y PCA3 ≥35 fueron 87 y 85%, la especificidad 12 y 33%, el valor predictivo positivo (VPP) 34 y 39% y el valor predictivo negativo (VPN) 63 y 81%. Tomado el valor de PCA3 como variable contínua, a mayor PCA3 obtenemos mayor porcentaje de biopsias positivas (p<0,0001).

Conclusiones

El uso rutinario del PCA3 ahorra la mitad de las biopsias, basándose sobre todo en su alto VPN. La mayor rentabilidad diagnóstica del PCA3 la obtenemos en pacientes sin biopsia. Entre los pacientes ya biopsiados, los resultados son ligeramente mejores en aquellos con solo una.

Palabras clave:
PCA3 score
Predicción
Cáncer de próstata
PSA
Biopsia de próstata

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