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Vol. 40. Issue 10.
Pages 640-645 (December 2016)
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Vol. 40. Issue 10.
Pages 640-645 (December 2016)
Original article
Lithotomy's prohibition and referral to experts in medical oaths of hippocratic stemma
Prohibición de la litotomía y derivación a expertos en los juramentos médicos de la genealogía hipocrática
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B. Buchholz, S.F. Merino, M.L. Pérez, R.J. Gelpi, A.M. Rancich
Corresponding author
arancich@fmed.uba.ar

Corresponding author.
Institute of Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Table 1. ‘Lithotomy's prohibition’ in Medical Oaths.
Abstract
Objective

The aim is to analyze how the Hippocratic Oath's commitments of not cutting for stone and referral to experts was modified in medical oaths of Hippocratic stemma from different time periods.

Methods

Nineteen oaths of Hippocratic stemma were studied: 4 Medieval, 2 Modern, and 13 Contemporary. They were selected according to: name of the oath when it includes the word “Hippocratic” or because their authors recognized having based their oaths on the Hippocratic Oath. Their historical significance and representativity regarding time period, renowned medical schools, and importance and reliability of the sources was also taken into consideration.

Results

Four oaths prohibit cutting for stone (one Medieval, two Modern, one Contemporary); 4 oaths mention seeking consultation about patients (all Contemporary); 3 mention not performing criminal operations (all Contemporary); 8 do not mention these commitments (3 Medieval, 5 Contemporary).

Conclusion

The commitment of the Hippocratic Oath of not cutting for stone and referral to experts has been modified mainly in Contemporary oaths. The original commitment seems to have been split into 2 tendencies: those that mention obtaining consultation, and those that refer to not performing criminal operations. Due to the bioethics movement in the second half of the 20th century, referring patients that exceed the physician's limitations to more skilled colleagues constitutes an ethical obligation. Thus, it should be a commitment present in every Contemporary oath.

Keywords:
Lithotomy
Hippocratic Oath
Medical oaths
Resumen
Objetivo

Analizar cómo el compromiso del juramento hipocrático de no usar el cuchillo en quienes tienen cálculos y derivar a estos pacientes a expertos fue modificado en juramentos médicos de la genealogía (stemma) hipocrática de diferentes épocas.

Métodos

Diecinueve juramentos de stemma hipocrática fueron estudiados: 4 medievales, 2 modernos y 13 contemporáneos. Los juramentos fueron seleccionados de acuerdo con el nombre de los mismos cuando incluían el término «hipocrático» o porque sus autores reconocieron haberse basado en el Juramento Hipocrático. También se tuvo en cuenta la significación y representatividad en relación con el período histórico, escuelas médicas de renombre, importancia y confiablidad de las fuentes.

Resultados

Cuatro juramentos prohíben operar el cálculo (uno medieval, dos modernos, uno contemporáneo); 4 juramentos mencionan buscar consejo en relación con pacientes (contemporáneos), 3 hacen referencia a no realizar operaciones criminales (contemporáneos); 8 no hacen mención a estos compromisos (3 medievales, 5 contemporáneos).

Conclusión

El compromiso del juramento hipocrático de no usar el cuchillo en quienes tienen cálculos y derivarlos a expertos ha sido modificado principalmente en los juramentos contemporáneos. La prohibición original parece haberse dividido en 2 tendencias: aquellos juramentos que mencionan el pedir consejo, y aquellos que refieren no realizar operaciones criminales. Debido al movimiento bioético de la segunda mitad del siglo xx, derivar a colegas más idóneos a aquellos pacientes que exceden las limitaciones del médico constituye una obligación ética. Por lo tanto, es un compromiso que debería estar presente en todos los juramentos contemporáneos.

Palabras clave:
Litotomía
Juramento Hipocrático
Juramentos médicos

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