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Actas Urológicas Españolas (English Edition) Bladder and rectal cancer development in prostate cancer patients treated with s...
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Original article
Available online 16 March 2026

Bladder and rectal cancer development in prostate cancer patients treated with surgery or radiotherapy: A population-based study

Desarrollo de cáncer vesical y rectal en pacientes con cáncer de próstata tratados mediante cirugía o radioterapia: estudio poblacional
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P. Martínez Rodríguez
Corresponding author
pmartinezro96@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, A. Poza Fernandez, G. García Fadrique, J. Acedo González, O. Montero Adriá, N. Mateo Cárcel, L. Marzullo Zucchet, F. Gómez Palomo, C. Reig Ruiz
Hospital de Manises, Manises, Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

Radical prostatectomy (RP) and radiotherapy (RT) are the main treatment options for localized and locally advanced (LA) prostate cancer (PCa). While erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence have been widely studied, there is limited evidence regarding pelvic malignancies and radiation-induced rectal or urinary toxicity.

Materials and methods

This retrospective study involved patients with localized and LA PCa treated exclusively with RP or RT between 2010 and 2019 in our Health Department. A total of 356 patients were included: 138 treated with RP and 218 with RT. Rectal and bladder tumors, as well as urinary and gastrointestinal toxicity variables, were compared using the chi-square test (Fisher’s exact test when expected frequencies were <5). Multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression adjusted for clinical variables. Statistical significance was set at P < .05.

Results

Both groups were homogeneous in terms of tumor stage and smoking status. Statistically significant differences were observed between groups in the incidence of pelvic tumors [P = .032], bladder tumors [P = .033], and urinary and gastrointestinal toxicity [P < .001]. Patients treated with radiotherapy had an almost 11-fold increased risk of bladder tumors (OR: 10.61; CI: 1.42–224.98).

Conclusions

In our series, patients with localized and LA PCa treated with RT presented a higher incidence of pelvic tumors and urinary/rectal toxicity compared with those treated with RP.

Keywords:
Prostate cancer
Radical prostatectomy
External beam radiotherapy
Bladder cancer
Rectal cancer
Resumen
Introducción

La prostatectomía radical (PR) y la radioterapia (RT) constituyen los principales para cáncer de próstata (CP) localizado y localmente-avanzado (LA). Mientras que la disfunción eréctil y la incontinencia urinaria han sido ampliamente estudiados, existe poca evidencia relacionada con los tumores pélvicos y la toxicidad rectal o urinaria radioinducida.

Material y métodos

Estudio retrospectivo, incluyendo pacientes CP localizados y LA tratados exclusivamente con PR o RT entre los años 2010 y 2019 en nuestro Departamento de Salud. Se incluyeron 356 pacientes; 138 tratados con PR y 218 con RT. Mediante el test de Chi² (test exacto de Fisher cuando las frecuencias esperadas eran inferiores a 5) se compararon las variables de tumor rectal y vesical, así como de variables de toxicidad urinaria y gastrointestinal. El análisis multivariante se realizó mediante regresión logística ajustada a las variables clínicas. La significación estadística considerada fue de P < .05.

Resultados

Ambos grupos fueron homogéneos en el estadio tumoral y hábito tabáquico. Se evidenciaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre grupos en el desarrollo de tumores pélvicos [P = .032], tumores vesicales [P = .033] y toxicidad urinaria y gastrointestinal [P < .001]. Los pacientes irradiados tenían un riesgo casi 11 veces superior en tumores vesicales [OR: 10.61, IC: 1.42–224.98].

Conclusiones

En nuestra serie, los pacientes con CP localizado y LA tratados mediante RT presentaron mayor desarrollo de tumores pélvicos y de toxicidad urinaria y rectal que aquéllos tratados mediante PR.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer de próstata
Prostatectomía radical
Radioterapia externa
Cáncer vesical
Cáncer rectal

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