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Inicio Actas Urológicas Españolas (English Edition) Baseline PSA in a Spanish male population aged 40–49 years anticipates detecti...
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Vol. 39. Issue 10.
Pages 605-611 (December 2015)
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Vol. 39. Issue 10.
Pages 605-611 (December 2015)
Original article
Baseline PSA in a Spanish male population aged 40–49 years anticipates detection of prostate cancer
El PSA basal en una población de varones españoles de 40-49 años anticipa la detección de cáncer de próstata
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J.C. Anguloa,b,
Corresponding author
jangulo@futurnet.es

Corresponding author.
, M.A. Viñasb, H. Gimbernata, F. Ramón de Fataa, R. Granadosb,c, M. Lujánd,e
a Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Madrid, Spain
b Universidad Europea de Madrid, Laureate Universities, Madrid, Spain
c Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Madrid, Spain
d Servicio de Urología, Hospital Infanta Cristina, Parla, Madrid, Spain
e Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Figures (2)
Tables (5)
Table 1. Distribution by organs of biopsies with malignancy.
Table 2. Baseline PSA value and PSA velocity (PSAV) in the study population.
Table 3. Baseline PSA cut-off point for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.
Table 4. Risk of developing prostate cancer for different cut-off points of baseline PSA, with respect to the reference range (≤1ng/ml).
Table 5. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for different cut-off points of PSA velocity (PSAV) in the study population.
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Abstract
Introduction

We researched the usefulness of optimizing prostate cancer (PC) screening in our community using baseline PSA readings in men between 40 and 49 years of age.

Material and method

A retrospective study was performed that analyzed baseline PSA in the fifth decade of life and its ability to predict the development of PC in a population of Madrid (Spain). An ROC curve was created and a cutoff was proposed. We compared the evolution of PSA from baseline in patients with consecutive readings using the Friedman test. We established baseline PSA ranges with different risks of developing cancer and assessed the diagnostic utility of the annual PSA velocity (PSAV) in this population.

Results

4304 men aged 40–49 years underwent opportunistic screening over the course of 17 years, with at least one serum PSA reading (6001 readings) and a mean follow-up of 57.1±36.8 months. Of these, 768 underwent biopsy of some organ, and 104 underwent prostate biopsy. Fourteen patients (0.33%) were diagnosed with prostate cancer. The median baseline PSA was 0.74 (0.01–58.5)ng/ml for patients without PC and 4.21 (0.76–47.4)ng/ml for those with PC. The median time from the reading to diagnosis was 26.8 (1.5–143.8) months. The optimal cutoff for detecting PC was 1.9ng/ml (sensitivity, 92.86%; specificity, 92.54%; PPV, 3.9%; NPV, 99.97%), and the area under the curve was 92.8%. In terms of the repeated reading, the evolution of the PSA showed no statistically significant differences between the patients without cancer (p=0.56) and those with cancer (p=0.64). However, a PSAV value >0.3ng/ml/year revealed high specificity for detecting cancer in this population.

Conclusions

A baseline PSA level ≥1.9ng/ml in Spanish men aged 40–49 years predicted the development of PC. This value could therefore be of use for opportunistic screening at an early age. An appropriate follow-up adapted to the risk of this population needs to be defined, but an annual PSAV0.3ng/ml/year appears of use for reaching an early diagnosis.

Keywords:
Prostate cancer
Screening
Baseline PSA
PSA velocity
Biopsy
Resumen
Introducción

Investigamos en nuestro entorno la utilidad de optimizar el cribado de cáncer de próstata (CaP) mediante determinación de PSA basal en varones entre 40-49 años.

Material y método

Estudio retrospectivo que analiza el PSA basal en la quinta década y su capacidad para predecir desarrollo de CaP en una población de Madrid (España). Se realiza curva ROC y se propone un punto de corte. Se compara la evolución del PSA desde basal en pacientes con determinaciones consecutivas mediante el test de Friedman. Se establecen rangos de PSA basal con diferente riesgo de desarrollo de cáncer y se evalúa la utilidad diagnóstica de la velocidad de PSA (VPSA) anual en esta población.

Resultados

Un total de 4.304 varones de 40-49 años fueron sometidos a cribado oportunista a lo largo de 17 años, con al menos una determinación sérica de PSA (6.001 determinaciones) y con seguimiento medio de 57,1±36,8 meses. A 768 se les practicó biopsia de algún órgano y a 104 biopsia prostática. Catorce pacientes (0,33%) fueron diagnosticados de cáncer de próstata. La mediana de PSA basal fue 0,74ng/ml (0,01-58,5) para pacientes sin CaP y 4,21ng/ml (0,76-47,4) con CaP. La mediana de tiempo desde la determinación hasta el diagnóstico fue 26,8 meses (1,5-143,8). El punto de corte óptimo para detectar CaP fue 1,9ng/ml (sensibilidad 92,86%, especificidad 92,54%, VPP 3,9%, VPN 99,97%) y el área bajo la curva 92,8%. Respecto a las determinaciones repetidas, la evolución del PSA no mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre pacientes sin cáncer (p=0,56) o con cáncer (p=0,64); pero un valor de VPSA>0,3ng/ml/año revela elevada especificidad para detectar cáncer en esta población.

Conclusiones

Un PSA basal1,9ng/ml en varones españoles de 40-49 años predice el desarrollo de CaP, por lo que podría resultar de utilidad para el cribado oportunista en edad temprana. Se necesita definir un seguimiento apropiado adaptado al riesgo en esta población, pero una VPSA anual ≥0,3ng/ml/año parece de utilidad para conseguir un diagnóstico temprano.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer de próstata
Cribado
PSA basal
Velocidad de PSA
Biopsia

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