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Vol. 46. Issue 1.
Pages 57-62 (January - February 2022)
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Vol. 46. Issue 1.
Pages 57-62 (January - February 2022)
Original article
Evaluating the impact of the learning curve on the perioperative outcomes of robot-assisted radical cystectomy with intracorporeal urinary diversion
Análisis del impacto de la curva de aprendizaje de la cistectomía radical asistida por robot con derivación urinaria intracorpórea sobre los resultados perioperatorios
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C. López-Molina, A. Carrion
Corresponding author
, M. Campistol, A. Piñero, F. Lozano, C. Salvador, C.X. Raventós, E. Trilla
Departamento de Urología, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Tables (2)
Table 1. Baseline clinical, demographic and pathologic characteristics of the entire series and in relation to learning curve groups.
Table 2. Analysis of perioperative and pathologic outcomes for the entire series and according to learning curve groups.
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Abstract
Introduction

Robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) with intracorporeal urinary diversion (ICUD) is a technically difficult procedure. Our aim was to evaluate the potential impact of the learning curve (LC) on perioperative and pathological outcomes of RARC with ICUD.

Material and methods

Retrospective study of 62 consecutive patients who underwent RARC with ICUD for bladder cancer between 2015−2020. We compared 3 consecutive groups of 20 (G1), 20 (G2), and 22 (G3) patients to analyze the impact of the LC. G1 cases were performed by a senior surgeon experienced in robotic surgery, while G2–G3 were performed by 2 junior surgeons without experience under the mentorship of the senior surgeon.

Results

The 3 groups had similar clinical and pathological characteristics. A total of 15 patients (24%) received a neobladder and 47 (75%) an ileal conduit. The mean operative time decreased 60 min between G1–G3 (p = 0.001). No conversions to open approach or intraoperative complications were reported. There were no differences between groups regarding positive margin rates (p = 0.6) or the number of lymph nodes removed (p = 0.061). The postoperative complication rate was 77% and did not change during the LC (p = 0.49). Uretero-enteric stricture rate decreased from 25% in G1 to 9% in G3 (p = 0.217).

Conclusions

The inclusion of junior surgeons to a RARC with ICUD program after the initial 20 cases does not have an impact on the perioperative and pathological outcomes of the procedure. The operative time and the uretero-enteric stricture rate could be reduced during the LC.

Keywords:
Bladder cancer
Intracorporeal urinary diversion
Learning curve
Robot-assisted radical cystectomy
Abbreviations:
RARC
ECUD
ICUD
LC
PSM
ERAS
PCP
Resumen
Introducción

La cistectomía radical asistida por robot (CRAR) con derivación urinaria intracorpórea (DUIC) es un procedimiento técnicamente complejo. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar el impacto de la curva de aprendizaje (CA) de la CRAR con DUIC sobre resultados perioperatorios y patológicos.

Material y métodos

Estudio retrospectivo de 62 pacientes consecutivos sometidos a CRAR con DUIC por tumor vesical entre 2015 y 2020. Se compararon 3 grupos consecutivos de 20 (G1), 20 (G2) y 22 (G3) pacientes para analizar el impacto de la CA. Los casos de G1 fueron realizados por un cirujano senior con experiencia en cirugía robótica, y los de G2–G3 por dos cirujanos junior sin experiencia pero tutorizados por el senior.

Resultados

Los 3 grupos tenían características clínico-patológicas similares. A 15 pacientes (24%) se les realizó una neovejiga y a 47 (75%) un conducto ileal. El tiempo medio operatorio descendió 60 minutos entre G1–G3 (p = 0,001). Ningún paciente precisó conversión a cirugía abierta ni tuvo complicaciones intraoperatorias. No se objetivaron diferencias en la tasa de márgenes positivos (p = 0,6) ni número de ganglios extraídos (p = 0,061) entre los grupos. La tasa de complicaciones postoperatorias fue del 77% y no varió durante la CA (p = 0,49). Se objetivó una tendencia en la reducción de tasa de estenosis uretero-ileal del 25% en G1 al 9% en G3 (p = 0,217).

Conclusiones

La incorporación de cirujanos junior a un programa de CRAR con DUIC a partir de los 20 primeros casos no compromete los resultados perioperatorios ni patológicos. Durante la CA se podría reducir el tiempo operatorio y la tasa de estenosis ureteroileal.

Palabras clave:
Cistectomía robótica
Neoplasia vesical
Derivación urinaria intracorpórea
Curva de aprendizaje

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