Buscar en
Actas Urológicas Españolas (English Edition)
Toda la web
Inicio Actas Urológicas Españolas (English Edition) Current treatments for BCG failure in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC)
Journal Information
Vol. 45. Issue 2.
Pages 93-102 (March 2021)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Visits
11
Vol. 45. Issue 2.
Pages 93-102 (March 2021)
Review article
Current treatments for BCG failure in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC)
Tratamientos actuales tras fracaso a BCG en cáncer de vejiga no músculo-invasivo
Visits
11
M. Álvarez-Maestroa,
,1
, F. Guerrero-Ramosb,1, O. Rodríguez-Fabac, J.L. Domínguez-Escrigd, J.M. Fernández-Gómeze
a Departamento de Urología, Hospital Universitario la Paz, Madrid, Spain
b Departamento de Urología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
c Departamento de Urología, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
d Departamento de Urología, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología (IVO), Valencia, Spain
e Departamento de Urología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
This item has received
Article information
Abstract
Full Text
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Tables (3)
Table 1. Summary of the most relevant outcomes of the two studies that have reported preliminary results.
Table 2. Registered studies with immunotherapy in patients with tumors after BCG-failure.
Table 3. Results of the clinical trial with Nadofaragene Firadenovec (Instiladrin).
Show moreShow less
Abstract
Introduction

The treatment of choice for high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). However, when this fails, the indicated treatment is radical cystectomy. In recent years, trials are being developed with various drugs to avoid this surgery in patients with BCG failure. The aim of this article is to update the treatments under study for bladder preservation in this patient population.

Material and Methods

Non-systematic review, searching PubMed with the terms "Bladder cancer", "Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer", "NMIBC", "BCG", "BCG-refractory", "Mitomycin C", "MMC", "Hyperthermia", "Electromotive Drug Administration", "EMDA" We used the search engines clinicaltrials.gov and clinicaltrialsregister.eu to find clinical trials.

Results

The only intravesical drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for carcinoma in situ (CIS) after failure to BCG is valrubicin. Recently, the FDA has approved intravenous pembrolizumab, following the publication of preliminary data from the KEYNOTE-057 study. Atezolizumab has demonstrated similar preliminary efficacy results. Only microwave-induced chemohyperthermia and EMDA-MMC (electromotive drug administration) are recognized as alternatives in European guidelines. Other options under investigation are taxanes and gemcitabine, alone or in combination, recombinant viruses and device-assisted intravesical chemohyperthermia.

Conclusions

The results of new drugs are promising, with a large number of trials underway. Knowing the mechanisms of resistance to BCG is essential to explore new therapeutic options.

Keywords:
Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer
BCG failure
Immunotherapy
Intravesical chemotherapy
Current treatments
Resumen
Introducción

El tratamiento de elección para el cáncer vesical no músculo infiltrante (CVNMI) de alto riesgo es el bacilo de Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Sin embargo, cuando éste falla, el tratamiento indicado es la cistectomía radical. En los últimos años se están desarrollando ensayos con diversos fármacos para evitar esta cirugía en pacientes con fracaso a BCG. El objetivo de este artículo es llevar a cabo una puesta al día de los tratamientos en estudio para la preservación vesical en esta población de pacientes.

Material y Métodos

Revisión no sistemática, realizando una búsqueda en PubMed con los términos “Bladder cancer”, “Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer”, “NMIBC”, “BCG”, “BCG-refractory”, “Mitomycin C”, “MMC”, “Hyperthermia”, “Electromotive Drug Administration”, “EMDA” Empleamos los buscadores clinicaltrials.gov y clinicaltrialsregister.eu para localizar ensayos clínicos.

Resultados

El único fármaco intravesical aprobado por la Food and Drug Administration (FDA) para carcinoma in situ (CIS) tras fracaso a BCG es la valrubicina. Recientemente la FDA ha aprobado pembrolizumab intravenoso, tras la publicación de los datos preliminares del estudio KEYNOTE-057. Atezolizumab ha demostrado unos resultados preliminares similares de eficacia. En las guías europeas se reconoce como alternativa únicamente la quimiohipertermia inducida por microondas y EMDA-MMC (electromotive drug administration). Otras alternativas en investigación son los taxanos y la gemcitabina, solos o en combinación, los virus recombinantes y la quimiohipertermia intravesical asistida por dispositivos.

Conclusiones

Los resultados de los nuevos fármacos son prometedores, con gran número de ensayos en marcha. Conocer los mecanismos de resistencia a BCG es imprescindible para la exploración de nuevas alternativas terapéuticas.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer de vejiga no músculo-invasivo
Fracaso a BCG
Inmunoterapia
Quimioterapia intravesical
Tratamientos actuales

Article

These are the options to access the full texts of the publication Actas Urológicas Españolas (English Edition)
Subscriber
Subscriber

If you already have your login data, please click here .

If you have forgotten your password you can you can recover it by clicking here and selecting the option “I have forgotten my password”
Subscribe
Subscribe to

Actas Urológicas Españolas (English Edition)

Purchase
Purchase article

Purchasing article the PDF version will be downloaded

Price 19.34 €

Purchase now
Contact
Phone for subscriptions and reporting of errors
From Monday to Friday from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. (GMT + 1) except for the months of July and August which will be from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m.
Calls from Spain
932 415 960
Calls from outside Spain
+34 932 415 960
E-mail
Article options
Tools
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos