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Vol. 60. Issue 1.
Pages 9-18 (January 2009)
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Vol. 60. Issue 1.
Pages 9-18 (January 2009)
Original article
Non-malignant lesions involving the paranasal sinuses and anterior skull base
Lesiones no malignas que implican a senos paranasales y fosa craneal anterior
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Elisa Gil-Carcedo, Luis M. Gil-Carcedo
Corresponding author
gilcarsa@telefonica.net

Corresponding author.
, Luis A. Vallejo, José M. de Campos
Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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Article information
Abstract
Background and objectives

Lesions involving the paranasal sinuses and the anterior cranial base at the same time are not unusual. These diseases have different features. The aim of this study is to set out the particularities of the non-malignant lesions involving both zones.

Material and methods

Retrospective study of 32 patients between 1986 and 2007 diagnosed with: non-malignant tumours (31.2%), tumour-like lesions (3.1%), fibrous-osseous lesions (12.5%), congenital or acquired malformations (18.7%), and infectious diseases (34.3%). We analyse the diagnostic imaging, the treatment, and the pathogen mechanism.

Results

Only 6 of 43 osteomas involved the paranasal sinuses and anterior cranial fossa (13.04%): 3 cases have developed meningitis and 1 developed a pneumocephalus. Two cases are meningiomas: 1 was asymptomatic and the other one caused destruction of the subtotal frontal bone. A giant haemangioma associated with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome is treated by combined craniofacial approach. The fibrous-osseous lesions were specifically fibrous dysplasia and affected the ethmoides. The encephalocele were predominating in the malformations group, 2 were diagnosed after repeated meningitis. Eleven cases are inclluded by infection: 10 cases caused osteomyelitis and the eleventh is a patient with a mucormycosis. Surgery has been used in 84.3% of the cases: frontal craniotomy 37%, combined craniofacial approach 18.5%, sub-frontal approach 18.5%, osteoplastic technique 18.5%, lateronasal approach 3.7%, endonasal microscopic resection 3.7%.

Conclusions

In this study the diagnosis, extension, and surgical management were supported in the imaging. A closed separation between the anterior cranial fossa and the sinus is necessary after the resection. The reconstruction was performed using a pedicled pericranial flap and titanium mesh in most of the cases.

Keywords:
Paranasal sinuses
Skull base
No-malignant lesions
Resumen
Introducción y objetivos

No son raras las lesiones que implican conjuntamente el territorio nasoparanasal y la fosa craneal anterior. Son enfermedades de distinta naturaleza. El objetivo de este trabajo es exponer las peculiaridades con las que alteraciones no malignas afectan a ambas regiones.

Métodos

Definimos los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se incluyen 32 casos (1986–2007): tumores benignos (31,2%), seudotumores (3,1%), trastornos fibroóseos (12,5%), malformaciones congénitas o adquiridas (18,7%) y enfermedades infecciosas (34,3%). Se analizan los medios de diagnóstico por imagen, el mecanismo patogénico evolutivo y el tratamiento.

Resultados

De 43 osteomas considerados, 6 afectaban a la fosa craneal anterior (13,04%); 3 desarrollaron paquimeningitis y uno, neumoencéfalo. De 2 meningiomas, uno era asintomático y el otro producía destrucción subtotal del hueso frontal. Un hemangioma gigante, dentro de un síndrome de Klippel Trenaunay, se trata por tratamiento combinado craneofacial. Los trastornos fibroóseos son específicamente displasias fibrosas, afectan al techo del etmoides. En malformaciones, predominan los meningoencefaloceles, de los que 2 se diagnosticaron tras meningitis recidivantes. De 11 pacientes incluidos por infecciones, 10 tenían en común el desarrollo de osteomielitis frontal, el undécimo es una paciente con mucormicosis. Realizamos tratamiento quirúrgico en el 84,3%: craneotomía frontal (37%), tratamiento combinado craneofacial (18,5%), tratamiento subfrontal (18,5%), técnica osteoplástica (18,5%), tratamiento paralateronasal (3,7%) y cirugía microscópica endonasal (3,7%).

Conclusiones

El diagnóstico, la extensión lesional y la planificación del tratamiento se apoyan principalmente en estudios de imagen. El objetivo principal del tratamiento, tras la resolución de las lesiones, es la separación estanca de FCA y senos. El colgajo pediculado de pericráneo y la osteosíntesis con miniplacas son de elección en el tiempo de reconstrucción.

Palabras clave:
Senos paranasales
Base de cráneo
Enfermedades no malignas

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